Tayanç M
Department of Environmental Engineering, Göztepe Campus, Marmara University, Kuyuba, 81040 Kadiköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
Environ Pollut. 2000 Jan;107(1):61-9. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00131-1.
Sulfur dioxide concentration levels are investigated in Istanbul to assess air pollution during the heating seasons in which the concentration of air pollutants reach high levels due to the consumption of low-quality fossil fuels. Results reveal that in the 1985-91 period there is an increasing trend in the concentrations of air pollutants. One reason for this increase is found to be the switching to use of low-quality fossil fuels instead of cleaner ones; the consumption ratio of coal/fuel-oil increased drastically in the 1980s from the ratio of 0.62 during 1980 to 3.09 by 1990. Linear regression analysis also indicated the similar variability of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter curves with a correlation coefficient R2=0.87. An optimum interpolation technique, kriging, is used to obtain the spatial distribution of sulfur dioxide over the area. Results indicated that the maximum concentration regions over the European side, exceeding 300 microg/m(3) monthly averages, are found to be the Fatih-Gaziosmanpaşa-Bayrampaşa, Beyoğlu-Sişli, and Eminönü areas. On the Asian side, the Göztepe-Kadiköy area received a major threat from sulfur dioxide pollution. Results also indicated that there was a considerable decrease in air pollution levels over Istanbul in the 1995-96 season compared with the previous two seasons. This can be explained by (1) the increase in ventilation, (2) switching to natural gas as a home and business heating fuel, and (3) treatment of coal before its entrance to the city. The variability in weather conditions is explained by the adoption of a ventilation index, which is the product of wind speed and inversion height.
对伊斯坦布尔的二氧化硫浓度水平进行了调查，以评估供暖季节的空气污染情况。在这些季节中，由于使用低质量化石燃料，空气污染物浓度会达到很高水平。结果显示，在1985 - 1991年期间，空气污染物浓度呈上升趋势。发现这种增加的一个原因是转而使用低质量化石燃料而非更清洁的燃料；20世纪80年代煤炭/燃料油的消耗比例从1980年的0.62急剧增加到1990年的3.09。线性回归分析还表明二氧化硫和颗粒物曲线具有相似的变化趋势，相关系数R2 = 0.87。采用一种最优插值技术——克里金法，来获取该区域二氧化硫的空间分布。结果表明，在欧洲一侧，月平均浓度超过300微克/立方米的最高浓度区域位于法提赫 - 加齐奥斯曼帕夏 - 巴伊拉姆帕夏、贝伊奥卢 - 希什利和埃米诺努地区。在亚洲一侧，戈兹特佩 - 卡德柯伊地区受到二氧化硫污染的严重威胁。结果还表明，与前两个季节相比，1995 - 1996年季节伊斯坦布尔的空气污染水平有了显著下降。这可以解释为：（1）通风增加；（2）转而使用天然气作为家庭和商业供暖燃料；（3）在煤炭进入城市之前进行处理。通过采用通风指数来解释天气条件的变化，通风指数是风速和逆温高度的乘积。
