Shera A S, Jawad F, Maqsood A, Jamal S, Azfar M, Ahmed U
Diabetic Association of Pakistan, Karachi.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2004 Feb;54(2):54-9.
To determine the prevalence of chronic complications and associated factors in type 2 diabetes in 500 diabetic patients, age > or = 25 years, attending the clinic of Diabetic Association of Pakistan (DAP), Karachi.
Every 5th registered diabetic patient > or = 25 years age, was examined for the presence/absence of micro and macro vascular complications and associated factors. Blood samples were collected for HbA1c, lipid profile and serum creatinine. Urine was examined for albumin and microalbumin.
Of the 500 diabetic patients examined (160 males, 340 females, mean age 55.2 10.6 years), retinopathy was seen in 43%, neuropathy in 39.6% and foot ulcers in 4%. Nephropathy was found in 20.2%, and was significantly associated with hypertension. The prevalence of microvascular complications was higher in the group of patients with HbA1c > 8% and was significantly related to duration of diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Hypertension was manifest in 64.6% patients, 61% had raised Body Mass Index and Waist Hip Ratio was more than normal in 88% subjects. Macrovascular complications were encountered in 102 diabetic patients, with angina in 85 (17%), heart attack in 25 (5%) and stroke in 13 (2.6%).
The prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications was higher in people with poor glycaemic control, longer duration of diabetes and associated hypertension and obesity.
确定500例年龄≥25岁、在卡拉奇巴基斯坦糖尿病协会（DAP）诊所就诊的2型糖尿病患者慢性并发症的患病率及相关因素。
每5例登记在册的年龄≥25岁的糖尿病患者接受微血管和大血管并发症及相关因素的检查。采集血样检测糖化血红蛋白、血脂谱和血清肌酐。检测尿样中的白蛋白和微量白蛋白。
在接受检查的500例糖尿病患者中（160例男性，340例女性，平均年龄55.2±10.6岁），43%有视网膜病变，39.6%有神经病变，4%有足部溃疡。20.2%发现有肾病，且与高血压显著相关。糖化血红蛋白>8%的患者组微血管并发症患病率更高，且与糖尿病病程、高血压和肥胖显著相关。64.6%的患者有高血压，61%的患者体重指数升高，88%的受试者腰臀比高于正常。102例糖尿病患者出现大血管并发症，85例（17%）有心绞痛，25例（5%）有心脏病发作，13例（2.6%）有中风。
血糖控制不佳、糖尿病病程较长以及伴有高血压和肥胖的人群中糖尿病微血管并发症的患病率更高。
