Chyou P H, Nomura A M, Stemmermann G N
Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu 96817.
Am J Public Health. 1992 Jan;82(1):37-40. doi: 10.2105/ajph.82.1.37.
The goals of this study were to measure the impact of cigarette smoking on cancer incidence and to determine the attributable risk of cancer due to smoking.
A cigarette smoking history was obtained from 8006 Japanese-American men examined from 1965 through 1968. After 22 years, 1389 incident cases of cancer were identified. There were 212 men with lung cancer; 202 with oral, esophageal, laryngeal, pancreatic, renal, ureteral, or bladder (oral-bladder) cancer; and 975 with cancer at other sites.
Current smokers at time of examination had a higher incidence than nonsmokers for each of the three cancer site categories. Eighty-five percent of lung cancer cases diagnosed among current and never smokers can be attributed to cigarette smoking. The attributable risks were 46%, 16%, and 29%, respectively, for oral-bladder cancers, other cancers, and all cancers combined. In turn, the corresponding attributable risks were 60%, 26%, 13%, and 21% in comparing current smokers with past smokers.
Current smokers can greatly reduce their risk of cancer, especially lung cancer, if they quit smoking.
本研究的目的是衡量吸烟对癌症发病率的影响,并确定吸烟导致癌症的归因风险。
获取了1965年至1968年接受检查的8006名日裔美国男性的吸烟史。22年后,确定了1389例癌症新发病例。其中有212例肺癌患者;202例口腔、食管、喉、胰腺、肾、输尿管或膀胱癌(口腔-膀胱癌)患者;975例其他部位癌症患者。
在检查时,当前吸烟者在这三类癌症部位中的每一类的发病率都高于不吸烟者。在当前吸烟者和从不吸烟者中诊断出的肺癌病例中,85%可归因于吸烟。口腔-膀胱癌、其他癌症以及所有癌症合并的归因风险分别为46%、16%和29%。相比之下,当前吸烟者与既往吸烟者的相应归因风险分别为60%、26%、13%和21%。
如果当前吸烟者戒烟,他们可以大大降低患癌风险,尤其是肺癌风险。