Holschneider Daniel P, Maarek Jean-Michel I
Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., BMT 401, MC 9112, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9112, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2004 Sep;28(5):449-61. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.06.007.
Expression of many fundamental mammalian behaviors such as, for example, aggression, mating, foraging or social behaviors, depend on locomotor activity. A central dilemma in the functional neuroimaging of these behaviors has been the fact that conventional neuroimaging techniques generally rely on immobilization of the subject, which extinguishes all but the simplest activity. Ideally, imaging could occur in freely moving subjects, while presenting minimal interference with the subject's natural behavior. Here we provide an overview of several approaches that have been undertaken in the past to achieve this aim in both tethered and freely moving animals, as well as in nonrestrained human subjects. Applications of specific radiotracers to single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography are discussed in which brain activation is imaged after completion of the behavioral task and capture of the tracer. Potential applications to clinical neuropsychiatry are discussed, as well as challenges inherent to constraint-free functional neuroimaging. Future applications of these methods promise to increase our understanding of the neural circuits underlying mammalian behavior in health and disease.
许多基本的哺乳动物行为，如攻击、交配、觅食或社交行为的表达，都依赖于运动活动。这些行为的功能神经成像中的一个核心困境是，传统的神经成像技术通常依赖于受试者的固定，这会消除除最简单活动之外的所有活动。理想情况下，成像可以在自由移动的受试者中进行，同时对受试者的自然行为产生最小的干扰。在这里，我们概述了过去为在束缚动物和自由移动动物以及无约束人类受试者中实现这一目标而采取的几种方法。讨论了特定放射性示踪剂在单光子发射计算机断层扫描和正电子发射断层扫描中的应用，其中在行为任务完成和示踪剂捕获后对脑激活进行成像。讨论了这些方法在临床神经精神病学中的潜在应用，以及无约束功能神经成像固有的挑战。这些方法的未来应用有望增进我们对健康和疾病状态下哺乳动物行为背后神经回路的理解。
