McLean Dave, Pearce Neil
Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University Wellington Campus, Wellington, New Zealand.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004 Dec;30(6):425-37. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.831.
Several studies have found increased risks of cancer among workers in the meat industry, particularly lung and hematologic cancers. Relevant publications were obtained through a computerized literature search with the key words "cancer", "lung cancer", "hematologic neoplasms", "meat products", "abattoirs", and "slaughterhouses", and the evidence available from analyses of routine data, proportionate mortality and incidence studies, and cohort and case-control studies was reviewed. These analyses suggest a significant excess lung cancer risk among meat workers. This risk was associated the most strongly with exposure to animal slaughtering or freshly slaughtered meat or to biological material contained in blood and animal fecal matter, and it was greater than could be attributed to smoking. This finding suggests an etiologic role for biological exposure; however, the specific exposure(s) responsible are unknown, and further research is clearly required. The results of studies of hematologic cancers have been less consistent, but they suggest a small excess risk for leukemia in association with similar exposures.
多项研究发现，肉类行业的工人患癌症的风险增加，尤其是肺癌和血液系统癌症。通过计算机文献检索，以“癌症”、“肺癌”、“血液肿瘤”、“肉类产品”、“屠宰场”和“屠宰厂”为关键词获取相关出版物，并对常规数据分析、比例死亡率和发病率研究以及队列研究和病例对照研究的现有证据进行了综述。这些分析表明，肉类加工工人患肺癌的风险显著过高。这种风险与接触动物屠宰、新鲜屠宰的肉类或血液和动物粪便中所含的生物物质关联最为密切，且大于吸烟所致风险。这一发现表明生物接触在病因学上具有一定作用；然而，具体的致病接触因素尚不清楚，显然需要进一步研究。血液系统癌症的研究结果不太一致，但表明在类似接触情况下白血病风险略有增加。
