Koppes Lando L J, Dekker Jacqueline M, Hendriks Henk F J, Bouter Lex M, Heine Robert J
Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Diabetes Care. 2005 Mar;28(3):719-25. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.3.719.
This meta-analysis was undertaken to obtain insight regarding the shape and strength of the relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes, the effects of adjustment for confounders, and the effect of modification by type 2 diabetes definition, sex, and BMI.
The 15 original prospective cohort studies that were included comprise 11,959 incident cases of type 2 diabetes in 369,862 individuals who, on average, were followed for 12 years.
After pooling the data, a U-shaped relationship was found. Compared with nonconsumers, the relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes in those who consumed </=6 g/day alcohol was 0.87 (95% CI 0.79-0.95). For the moderate consumption ranges of 6-12, 12-24, and 24-48 g/day, RRs of 0.70 (0.61-0.79), 0.69 (0.58-0.81), and 0.72 (0.62-0.84) were found, respectively. The risk of type 2 diabetes in heavy drinkers (>/=48 g/day) was equal to that in nonconsumers (1.04 [0.84-1.29]). In general, nonsignificant trends for larger RR reduction associated with moderate alcohol consumption were observed for women compared with men, for crude compared with multivariate-adjusted analyses, and for studies that used self-reports instead of testing for type 2 diabetes definition. No differences in RR reductions were found between individuals with low or high BMI.
The present evidence from observational studies suggests an approximately 30% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in moderate alcohol consumers, whereas no risk reduction is observed in consumers of >/=48 g/day.
进行这项荟萃分析，以深入了解饮酒量与2型糖尿病风险之间关系的形式和强度、混杂因素调整的影响以及2型糖尿病定义、性别和体重指数（BMI）的修正作用。
纳入的15项原始前瞻性队列研究包括369,862名个体中的11,959例2型糖尿病发病病例，平均随访12年。
汇总数据后，发现呈U型关系。与不饮酒者相比，每天饮酒量≤6克的人群患2型糖尿病的相对风险（RR）为0.87（95%可信区间[CI] 0.79 - 0.95）。对于每天饮酒量在6 - 12克、12 - 24克和24 - 48克的适度饮酒范围，RR分别为0.70（0.61 - 0.79）、0.69（0.58 - 0.81）和0.72（0.62 - 0.84）。重度饮酒者（每天饮酒量≥48克）患2型糖尿病的风险与不饮酒者相当（1.04 [0.84 - 1.29]）。总体而言，与男性相比，女性、与多变量调整分析相比的粗分析以及使用自我报告而非检测来定义2型糖尿病的研究中，观察到适度饮酒与更大RR降低相关的非显著趋势。低BMI或高BMI个体之间在RR降低方面未发现差异。
观察性研究的现有证据表明，适度饮酒者患2型糖尿病的风险降低约30%，而每天饮酒量≥48克的人群未观察到风险降低。
