Conigrave Katherine M, Rimm Eric B
School of Public Health, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Treat Endocrinol. 2003;2(3):145-52. doi: 10.2165/00024677-200302030-00001.
While diabetes mellitus is recognized clinically as a complication of alcohol dependence, in the last 15 years several large prospective studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in risk of incident type 2 diabetes in moderate drinkers. In this article, we review prospective studies on the association between alcohol consumption and incidence of diabetes. Few prospective studies have demonstrated an unequivocal positive association between alcohol use and incidence of diabetes. A number of large prospective studies have now demonstrated an inverse association: typically a 40% risk reduction after controlling for other major risk factors. Studies based on cohorts of health professionals have not demonstrated an increased risk of diabetes with heavier consumption, but these cohorts contain few heavy drinkers. Some cohorts drawn from the general population have shown a J- or U-shaped association between level of alcohol consumption and incidence of diabetes. Frequent moderate drinking has been reported to be associated with lower risk than infrequent drinking. There have been contradictory reports on the importance of the type of alcoholic beverage and whether the effect of alcohol differs according to the bodyweight of the drinker. We conclude that like many other chronic diseases, there is a delicate balance between the harmful and beneficial effects of alcohol on the incidence of diabetes. In moderate amounts, drinking is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes, whereas in higher amounts with an increased risk.
虽然临床认为糖尿病是酒精依赖的一种并发症，但在过去15年里，几项大型前瞻性研究表明，适度饮酒者患2型糖尿病的风险显著降低。在本文中，我们回顾了关于酒精消费与糖尿病发病率之间关联的前瞻性研究。很少有前瞻性研究表明酒精使用与糖尿病发病率之间存在明确的正相关。现在有多项大型前瞻性研究表明存在负相关：通常在控制其他主要风险因素后风险降低40%。基于健康专业人员队列的研究并未表明饮酒量增加会增加患糖尿病的风险，但这些队列中重度饮酒者很少。一些从普通人群中抽取的队列显示，酒精消费水平与糖尿病发病率之间呈J形或U形关联。据报道，频繁适度饮酒比不频繁饮酒的风险更低。关于酒精饮料类型的重要性以及酒精的影响是否因饮酒者体重而异，存在相互矛盾的报道。我们得出结论，与许多其他慢性疾病一样，酒精对糖尿病发病率的有害和有益影响之间存在微妙的平衡。适量饮酒与糖尿病风险降低相关，而大量饮酒则与风险增加相关。
