National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 2. Floor, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
Diabetologia. 2017 Oct;60(10):1941-1950. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4359-3. Epub 2017 Jul 27.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Alcohol consumption is inversely associated with diabetes, but little is known about the role of drinking patterns. We examined the association between alcohol drinking patterns and diabetes risk in men and women from the general Danish population.
This cohort study was based on data from the Danish Health Examination Survey 2007-2008. Of the 76,484 survey participants, 28,704 men and 41,847 women were eligible for this study. Participants were followed for a median of 4.9 years. Self-reported questionnaires were used to obtain information on alcohol drinking patterns, i.e. frequency of alcohol drinking, frequency of binge drinking, and consumption of wine, beer and spirits, from which we calculated beverage-specific and overall average weekly alcohol intake. Information on incident cases of diabetes was obtained from the Danish National Diabetes Register. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate HRs and 95% CIs.
During follow-up, 859 men and 887 women developed diabetes. The lowest risk of diabetes was observed at 14 drinks/week in men (HR 0.57 [95% CI 0.47, 0.70]) and at 9 drinks/week in women (HR 0.42 [95% CI 0.35, 0.51]), relative to no alcohol intake. Compared with current alcohol consumers consuming <1 day/week, consumption of alcohol on 3-4 days weekly was associated with significantly lower risk for diabetes in men (HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.59, 0.94]) and women (HR 0.68 [95% CI 0.53, 0.88]) after adjusting for confounders and average weekly alcohol amount.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest that alcohol drinking frequency is associated with risk of diabetes and that consumption of alcohol over 3-4 days per week is associated with the lowest risk of diabetes, even after taking average weekly alcohol consumption into account.
目的/假设：饮酒与糖尿病呈负相关，但关于饮酒模式的作用知之甚少。我们研究了丹麦普通人群中饮酒模式与男性和女性糖尿病风险之间的关系。
这项队列研究基于 2007-2008 年丹麦健康检查调查的数据。在 76484 名调查参与者中，有 28704 名男性和 41847 名女性符合本研究条件。参与者的中位随访时间为 4.9 年。使用自我报告的问卷获得关于饮酒模式的信息，即饮酒频率、狂饮频率以及葡萄酒、啤酒和烈酒的摄入量，由此我们计算出特定饮料和总体平均每周酒精摄入量。通过丹麦国家糖尿病登记册获得关于糖尿病新发病例的信息。应用 Cox 比例风险模型估计 HR 和 95%CI。
在随访期间，859 名男性和 887 名女性患上了糖尿病。男性中，每周饮酒 14 杯（HR 0.57 [95% CI 0.47, 0.70]）和女性中每周饮酒 9 杯（HR 0.42 [95% CI 0.35, 0.51]）时，糖尿病的风险最低，与不饮酒相比。与每周饮酒<1 天的当前饮酒者相比，男性（HR 0.73 [95% CI 0.59, 0.94]）和女性（HR 0.68 [95% CI 0.53, 0.88]）每周饮酒 3-4 天与糖尿病风险显著降低相关，调整混杂因素和平均每周酒精量后。
结论/解释：我们的研究结果表明，饮酒频率与糖尿病风险相关，每周饮酒 3-4 天与糖尿病风险最低相关，即使考虑到平均每周饮酒量也是如此。
