Engelmann P, Cooper E L, Németh P
Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Szigeti u.12, H-7643 Pécs, Hungary.
Mol Immunol. 2005 May;42(8):931-42. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.09.038. Epub 2004 Nov 23.
Earthworm innate immunity depends upon small and large leukocytes (coelomocytes) that synthesize and secrete humoral antimicrobial molecules (e.g. lysenin, fetidin, eiseniapore, coelomic cytolytic factor [CCF]; Lumbricin I). Small coelomocytes (cytotoxic) are positive (CD11a, CD45RA, CD45RO, CDw49b, CD54, beta(2)-m and Thy-1 [CD90]; CD24; TNF-alpha) but negative using other mammalian markers. Large coelomocytes (phagocytic) are uniformly negative. Specific earthworm anti-EFCC 1, 2, 3, 4 mAbs are negative for Drosophila melanogaster hemocytes and mammalian cells but positive those of earthworms. Coelomocytes contain several lysosomal enzymes involved in phagocytosis and a pattern recognition molecule (CCF) that may trigger the prophenoloxidase cascade a crucial innate immune response. Earthworms and other invertebrates possess natural, non-specific, non-clonal, and non-anticipatory immune response governed by germ line genes. Toll and Toll-like receptor signaling is essential for phagocytosis and antimicrobial peptide synthesis and secretion in insects and vertebrates but has not yet been shown to be essential in earthworm innate responses.
蚯蚓的先天免疫依赖于大小两种白细胞（体腔细胞），它们合成并分泌体液抗菌分子（如溶素、蚯蚓杀菌素、蚯蚓孔蛋白、体腔溶细胞因子[CCF]；蚯蚓素I）。小体腔细胞（细胞毒性）呈阳性（CD11a、CD45RA、CD45RO、CDw49b、CD54、β2-微球蛋白和Thy-1[CD90]；CD24；肿瘤坏死因子-α），但使用其他哺乳动物标志物检测时呈阴性。大体腔细胞（吞噬性）均呈阴性。特定的蚯蚓抗EFCC 1、2、3、4单克隆抗体对黑腹果蝇血细胞和哺乳动物细胞呈阴性，但对蚯蚓细胞呈阳性。体腔细胞含有几种参与吞噬作用的溶酶体酶和一种模式识别分子（CCF），它可能触发酚氧化酶原级联反应，这是一种关键的先天免疫反应。蚯蚓和其他无脊椎动物拥有由种系基因控制的天然、非特异性、非克隆和非预期性免疫反应。Toll和Toll样受体信号传导对于昆虫和脊椎动物的吞噬作用以及抗菌肽的合成和分泌至关重要，但尚未证明其在蚯蚓先天免疫反应中必不可少。
