Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
School of Health and Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 4;14(3):657. doi: 10.3390/nu14030657.
Soccer is a high intensity intermittent sport, featuring critical events completed at high/maximal intensity which is superimposed onto an aerobic base of lower intensity activities and rest. Due to these varying energic demands and the duration of competition the need for optimal nutritional strategies to offset and delay fatigue are paramount. Over the last 50 years, several investigations have been reported on aspects of soccer be they nutrition-focused or those concerning the demands of the sport. Emanating from these scientific papers, observations have been made on the likely factors which result in the fatigue during match-play. Factors such as muscle glycogen depletion and hypoglycaemia are discussed. Studies on the energy demands of soccer have employed a variety of methodologies which are briefly reviewed and vary between the use of heart rate telemetry to the use of global positioning systems (GPS). Moving on from observations of the energy demands of the sport leads to the major focus of this review which highlights key nutritional strategies to support the preparation and recovery of male soccer players to enhance performance, or at least to enable players to perform adequately. This review examines relevant methodologies in assessing training and competitive energy costs as well as the concomitant energy intakes demanded for successful performance outcomes. In order to bring an applied aspect to the overall findings from areas discussed, some practical ideas of feeding strategies are presented.
足球是一项高强度间歇性运动，以高强度/最大强度完成关键事件，这些事件叠加在低强度活动和休息的有氧基础上。由于这些不同的能量需求和比赛的持续时间，需要最佳的营养策略来抵消和延迟疲劳至关重要。在过去的 50 年里，已经有几项关于足球的研究报告，无论是以营养为重点的研究，还是涉及运动需求的研究。从这些科学论文中，可以观察到导致比赛中疲劳的可能因素。讨论了肌肉糖原耗竭和低血糖等因素。关于足球能量需求的研究采用了多种方法，简要回顾了这些方法，包括使用心率遥测和全球定位系统（GPS）。从对运动能量需求的观察，进一步探讨了本综述的主要重点，强调了支持男性足球运动员准备和恢复的关键营养策略，以提高表现，或者至少使球员能够充分发挥表现。本综述检查了评估训练和比赛能量消耗以及成功表现所需的伴随能量摄入的相关方法。为了将讨论领域的整体研究结果应用于实际，提出了一些实用的喂养策略想法。
