Truett K R, Eaves L J, Meyer J M, Heath A C, Martin N G
Department of Human Genetics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298-0033.
Behav Genet. 1992 Jan;22(1):43-62. doi: 10.1007/BF01066792.
The transmission of social attitudes has been investigated as a possible model of cultural inheritance in a sample of 3810 twin pairs from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Twin Registry. Six social attitude factors were identified and univariate genetic models fitted to scores on each factor. A joint multivariate genetic analysis of the six attitude factors, church attendance, and education indicated that the attitudes were correlated--the same genes and shared environments influenced more than one attitude factor. A current controversy regarding social attitudes is whether the significant loadings on this shared environmental component represent true cultural influences or are actually the genetic consequences of phenotypic assortative mating for church attendance and educational attainment (Martin et al., 1986). In our data, church attendance is almost entirely due to the impact of the shared environment. The large shared environmental component on church attendance also accounts for a substantial part of the family resemblance in social attitudes, suggesting that not all of the apparent cultural effects found in earlier studies can be ascribed to the genetic effects of assortative mating. However, church attendance and education do not completely account for the cultural component. Therefore, effects in addition to church attendance, education, and assortative mating for church attendance and education must be involved in the cultural component of the inheritance of attitudes.
在澳大利亚国家卫生与医学研究双胞胎登记处的3810对双胞胎样本中，社会态度的传递被作为文化传承的一种可能模式进行了研究。确定了六个社会态度因素，并对每个因素的得分拟合了单变量遗传模型。对这六个态度因素、教堂礼拜出席情况和教育程度进行的联合多变量遗传分析表明，这些态度是相关的——相同的基因和共享环境影响了不止一个态度因素。当前关于社会态度的一个争议是，在这个共享环境成分上的显著负荷是代表真正的文化影响，还是实际上是教堂礼拜出席情况和教育程度的表型选型交配的遗传后果（马丁等人，1986年）。在我们的数据中，教堂礼拜出席情况几乎完全归因于共享环境的影响。教堂礼拜出席情况中较大的共享环境成分也占了社会态度中家庭相似性的很大一部分，这表明早期研究中发现的并非所有明显的文化影响都可归因于选型交配的遗传效应。然而，教堂礼拜出席情况和教育程度并不能完全解释文化成分。因此，除了教堂礼拜出席情况、教育程度以及教堂礼拜出席情况和教育程度的选型交配之外，其他效应必定也参与了态度传承的文化成分。
