Unusual modification of bacteriophage Mu DNA.

Bacteriophage Mu DNA was labeled after induction in the presence of [2-(3)H]adenine or [8-(3)H]adenine. Both Mu mom(+).dam(+) DNA and Mu mom(-).dam(+) DNA have similar N(6)-methyladenine (MeAde) contents, as well as similar frequencies of MeAde nearest neighbors. Both DNAs are sensitive to in vitro cleavage by R.DpnI but resistant to cleavage by R.DpnII. These results indicate that the mom(+) protein does not alter the sequence specificity of the host dam(+) methylase to produce MeAde at new sites. However, we have discovered a new modified base, denoted A(x), in Mu mom(+).dam(+) DNA; approximately 15% of the adenine residues are modified to A(x). Although the precise nature of the modification is not yet defined, analysis by electrophoresis and chromatography indicates that the N(6)-amino group is not the site of modification, and that the added moiety contains a free carboxyl group. A(x) is not present in Mu mom(+).dam(+) or Mu mom(-).dam(+) phage DNA or in cellular DNA from uninduced Mu mom(+).dam(+) lysogens. These results suggest that expression of the dam(+) and mom(+) genes are required for the A(x) modification and that this modification is responsible for protecting Mu DNA against certain restriction nucleases. Mu mom(+).dam(-) DNA and Mu mom(-).dam(-) DNA contain a very low level of MeAde (ca. 1 MeAde per 5,000 adenine residues). Since the only nearest neighbor to MeAde appears to be cytosine, we suggest that the methylated sequence is 5'... C-A(*)-C... 3' and that this methylation is mediated by the EcoK modification enzyme.