Boshra H, Li J, Sunyer J O
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 413 Rosenthal, 3800 Spruce St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2006 Feb;20(2):239-62. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.04.004.
The complement system plays an essential role in alerting the host of the presence of potential pathogens, as well as in their clearing. In addition, activation of the complement system contributes significantly in the orchestration and development of an acquired immune response. Although the complement system has been studied extensively in mammals, considerably less is known about complement in lower vertebrates, in particular teleost fish. Here we review our current understanding of the role of fish complement in phagocytosis, respiratory burst, chemotaxis and cell lysis. We also thoroughly review the specific complement components characterized thus far in various teleost fish species. In addition, we provide a comprehensive compilation on complement host-pathogen interactions, in which we analyze the role of fish complement in host defense against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. From a more physiological perspective, we evaluate the knowledge accumulated on the influence of stress, nutrition and environmental factors on levels of complement activity and components, and how the use of this knowledge can benefit the aquaculture industry. Finally, we propose future directions that are likely to advance our understanding of the molecular evolution, structure and function of complement proteins in teleosts. Such studies will be pivotal in providing new insights into complement-related mechanisms of recognition and defense that are essential to maintaining fish homeostasis.
补体系统在提醒宿主潜在病原体的存在以及清除这些病原体方面发挥着至关重要的作用。此外，补体系统的激活在后天免疫反应的协调和发展中也起着重要作用。尽管补体系统在哺乳动物中已得到广泛研究，但对于低等脊椎动物，特别是硬骨鱼类的补体了解甚少。在此，我们综述了目前对鱼类补体在吞噬作用、呼吸爆发、趋化作用和细胞裂解中作用的认识。我们还全面回顾了迄今为止在各种硬骨鱼类中鉴定出的特定补体成分。此外，我们提供了一份关于补体宿主 - 病原体相互作用的综合汇编，其中分析了鱼类补体在宿主抵御细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫中的作用。从更生理学的角度，我们评估了关于应激、营养和环境因素对补体活性和成分水平影响的积累知识，以及如何利用这些知识使水产养殖业受益。最后，我们提出了未来的研究方向，这些方向可能会推进我们对硬骨鱼类补体蛋白的分子进化、结构和功能的理解。此类研究对于深入了解维持鱼类体内平衡所必需的补体相关识别和防御机制至关重要。
