Schoechlin Claudia, Engel Rolf R
Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2005 Aug;20(6):727-44. doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2005.04.005.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly recognized not only in children but also in adults. Neuropsychological tests are important tools to quantify the attentional and/or cognitive deficits of patients compared to controls. The present meta-analysis integrates 24 empirical studies reporting results of at least one of 50 standard neuropsychological tests comparing adult ADHD patients with controls. The 50 tests were categorized into the following 10 functional domains: verbal ability, figural problem solving, abstract problem solving, executive function, fluency, simple attention, sustained attention, focused attention, verbal memory, figural memory. For each domain a pooled effect size d' was calculated. Complex attention variables and verbal memory discriminated best between ADHD patients and controls. Effect sizes for these domains were homogeneous and of moderate size (d' between 0.5 and 0.6). In contrast to results reported in children, executive functions were not generally reduced in adult ADHD patients.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）不仅在儿童中越来越受到认可，在成人中也是如此。与对照组相比，神经心理学测试是量化患者注意力和/或认知缺陷的重要工具。本荟萃分析整合了24项实证研究，这些研究报告了将成人ADHD患者与对照组进行比较的50项标准神经心理学测试中至少一项的结果。这50项测试被分为以下10个功能领域：语言能力、图形问题解决、抽象问题解决、执行功能、流畅性、简单注意力、持续注意力、集中注意力、语言记忆、图形记忆。为每个领域计算了合并效应量d'。复杂注意力变量和语言记忆在ADHD患者和对照组之间的区分效果最佳。这些领域的效应量是同质的且中等大小（d'在0.5至0.6之间）。与儿童中报告的结果相反，成人ADHD患者的执行功能通常并未降低。
