Edwards L, Pearce S, Collett B J, Pugh R
Department of Psychology, University College London, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1992 May;31(2):239-48. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00990.x.
Mood congruity effects in induced mood states and affective disorders are well established. Recent evidence suggests that a similar process occurs in chronic pain patients, although the extent to which the memory bias is a consequence of the affective or sensory state of the subject in this group is unknown. In this study selective memory for sensory and affective pain-related information was investigated in depressed and non-depressed chronic pain patients and depressed psychiatric patients. A recall test comprising sensory, affective and neutral adjectives matched for frequency was followed by a recognition task, where the words of the recall test were randomized with an equal number of new adjectives matched for word type and frequency. Comparison of the three patient groups with normal controls revealed specific recall biases directly related to pain and depression in both chronic pain groups and the controls. Contrary to expectations, the depressed psychiatric patients failed to show a recall bias for affective adjectives: the possibility of cognitive avoidance as an explanation for this is discussed. Signal detection analysis of the recognition results suggested that selective memory in chronic pain and depression may to some extent be accounted for by differences in 'true memory', the contribution of response bias remaining less clear.
情绪一致性效应在诱发情绪状态和情感障碍中已得到充分证实。最近的证据表明，类似的过程也发生在慢性疼痛患者中，尽管在这组患者中记忆偏差在多大程度上是由个体的情感或感觉状态导致的尚不清楚。在本研究中，对抑郁和非抑郁的慢性疼痛患者以及抑郁的精神科患者对与疼痛相关的感觉和情感信息的选择性记忆进行了调查。在一项包含频率匹配的感觉、情感和中性形容词的回忆测试之后，进行了一项识别任务，在该任务中，回忆测试中的单词与相同数量的新形容词随机排列，这些新形容词在单词类型和频率上相匹配。将这三组患者与正常对照组进行比较，结果显示，在慢性疼痛组和对照组中，存在与疼痛和抑郁直接相关的特定回忆偏差。与预期相反，抑郁的精神科患者并未表现出对情感形容词的回忆偏差：文中讨论了将认知回避作为对此现象解释的可能性。对识别结果的信号检测分析表明，慢性疼痛和抑郁中的选择性记忆在某种程度上可能是由“真实记忆”的差异导致的，而反应偏差的作用仍不太明确。
