Konstantinou Ira, Gardiner John M
University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
Memory. 2005 Jul;13(5):449-57. doi: 10.1080/09658210444000016.
We describe an experiment that investigated levels-of-processing effects in recognition memory for famous faces. The degree of conscious control over the recognition decisions was manipulated by using a response deadline procedure, and memory awareness associated with those decisions was assessed using a standard remember-know paradigm. Levels-of-processing effects were found at both short and long response deadlines, and at both deadlines those effects occurred only in remembering. Moreover, knowing, as well as remembering, increased with the greater opportunity for conscious control over recognition decisions at the long deadline. These results have implications for dual-process theories that distinguish between a slower, more controlled recollection process, reflected in remembering, and a faster, more automatic familiarity process, reflected in knowing.
我们描述了一项实验，该实验研究了对名人面孔识别记忆中的加工水平效应。通过使用反应截止程序来操纵对识别决策的意识控制程度，并使用标准的记得-知道范式来评估与这些决策相关的记忆意识。在短反应截止和长反应截止条件下均发现了加工水平效应，并且在这两种截止条件下，这些效应仅在“记得”时出现。此外，在长反应截止条件下，随着对识别决策进行意识控制的机会增加，“知道”以及“记得”的情况都有所增加。这些结果对双加工理论具有启示意义，该理论区分了较慢、更受控制的回忆过程（体现在“记得”中）和较快、更自动的熟悉过程（体现在“知道”中）。
