Effects of coffee consumption and smoking habit on bone mineral density.

This study aims to investigate how a person's smoking and coffee consumption habits in the premenopausal stage can affect the postmenopausal BMD values. Two hundred females in the postmenopause stage were evaluated. The average daily coffee consumption and smoking habits in the premenopause stage and the demographic characteristics, age and duration of menopause of all the cases were identified and noted. The bone mineral density (BMD) evaluations of these cases were made with Dual Energy X-ray Absorbsiometer (DEXA) technique. The relationship of the questioned risk factors with BMD and differences among the groups were investigated. No correlation was found between the amount of coffee consumption and BMD. The BMD values of the smokers' group were lower than non-smokers' group. As a result, advancing age, duration of menopause and smoking habits have been identified to be risk factors in relation to OP.