Tohme R A, Jurjus A R, Estephan A
American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
J Hum Hypertens. 2005 Nov;19(11):861-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001909.
Hypertension is a well-known major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study has been designed to assess the prevalence of hypertension, its co-occurrence with other cardiovascular risk factors and its association with cardiovascular diseases in a representative sample of Lebanese population. A pretested questionnaire was administered to 2125 adults aged equal or above 30 years old from all regions in Lebanon and proportionate with the respective population density. Data revealed that 23.1% of the respondents admitted being hypertensive, with no statistically significant difference between male and female patients. Prevalence of hypertension increased with age (P < 0.01) and hypertension tended to occur more in the less educated and the unemployed (P < 0.01). Only 45.7% of hypertensive patients followed a low fat diet while 14.7% exercised daily. The prevalence of hypertension increased significantly with an increase in body mass index particularly in female patients. Among the hypertensive respondents, 23.9% were diabetic, 38.1% were hyperlipidaemic and 9.1% were both diabetic and hyperlipidaemic. Co-occurrence of hypertension with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia or both was more common in female patients compared to male patients. In addition, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and atherothrombosis occurred in hypertensive respondents at rates of 2.4, 4.3 and 9.5%, respectively. Hypertensive female patients reported more stroke and atherothrombotic episodes compared to male patients, whereas hypertensive male patients had more MIs. Based on these results it is very important to address the issue of lifestyle modification for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and awareness campaigns should stress the fact that cardiovascular diseases are not only restricted to men.
高血压是众所周知的心血管疾病主要危险因素。本研究旨在评估黎巴嫩代表性人群样本中高血压的患病率、其与其他心血管危险因素的共存情况及其与心血管疾病的关联。对来自黎巴嫩所有地区、年龄在30岁及以上且与各地区人口密度成比例的2125名成年人进行了预测试问卷调查。数据显示，23.1%的受访者承认患有高血压，男性和女性患者之间无统计学显著差异。高血压患病率随年龄增长而增加（P < 0.01），且在受教育程度较低和失业人群中更易发生（P < 0.01）。只有45.7%的高血压患者遵循低脂饮食，而14.7%的患者每天锻炼。随着体重指数的增加，高血压患病率显著上升，尤其是女性患者。在高血压受访者中，23.9%患有糖尿病，38.1%患有高脂血症，9.1%既患有糖尿病又患有高脂血症。与男性患者相比，女性患者中高血压与糖尿病、高脂血症或两者共存的情况更为常见。此外，高血压受访者中中风、心肌梗死（MI）和动脉粥样硬化血栓形成的发生率分别为2.4%、4.3%和9.5%。与男性患者相比，高血压女性患者报告的中风和动脉粥样硬化血栓形成发作更多，而高血压男性患者的心肌梗死更多。基于这些结果，解决生活方式改变以预防和治疗高血压的问题非常重要，提高认识的活动应强调心血管疾病不仅限于男性这一事实。
