Hileman J W, Lackey N R, Hassanein R S
University of Missouri School of Nursing, Kansas City.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1992 Jun;19(5):771-7.
Increasing numbers of patients with cancer are being cared for by home caregivers. The primary purpose of this methodologic, correlational study was to identify, categorize, and assess the importance of needs expressed by 492 home caregivers and to determine how well these needs were satisfied. Caregivers surveyed were selected from the records of two nonprofit community cancer agencies and two hospital outpatient oncology clinics in the Midwest. These individuals were identified by at-home patients with cancer as unpaid people who helped with physical care or coping with the disease process. Caregiver characteristics and patient activity were examined to determine their relationships to caregiver needs, and needs were examined over time. The 90-item Home Caregiver Need Survey used in this study was developed by the author in 1989 and demonstrated internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity. Using factor analysis, six need categories were identified: psychological, informational, patient care, personal, spiritual, and household. Caregivers' greatest needs were informational and psychological. Significant correlations between certain caregiver characteristics and caregiver needs and between caregiver needs and patients' activity levels were found. Both the importance and satisfying of needs changed over time. Findings indicate the urgent need for nurses, who usually provide support for caregivers, to establish specific programs and services to meet the identified and unmet informational and psychological needs of caregivers of at-home patients with cancer. Frequent reassessment of caregiver needs seems to be indicated.
越来越多的癌症患者由家庭护理人员照顾。这项方法学相关性研究的主要目的是识别、分类和评估492名家庭护理人员表达的需求的重要性，并确定这些需求得到满足的程度。接受调查的护理人员是从中西部两家非营利性社区癌症机构和两家医院门诊肿瘤诊所的记录中挑选出来的。这些人是由癌症居家患者确定的，是帮助进行身体护理或应对疾病过程的无偿人员。研究了护理人员的特征和患者的活动情况，以确定它们与护理人员需求的关系，并对需求进行了长期研究。本研究中使用的90项家庭护理人员需求调查问卷是作者于1989年编制的，具有内部一致性、可靠性和结构效度。通过因子分析，确定了六个需求类别：心理、信息、患者护理、个人、精神和家庭。护理人员最大的需求是信息和心理方面的。研究发现，某些护理人员特征与护理人员需求之间以及护理人员需求与患者活动水平之间存在显著相关性。需求的重要性和满足程度都随时间而变化。研究结果表明，通常为护理人员提供支持的护士迫切需要建立具体的项目和服务，以满足癌症居家患者护理人员已识别和未满足的信息和心理需求。似乎需要经常重新评估护理人员的需求。
