Knox E G
Mill Cottage, Front Street, Great Comberton, Pershore, Worcestershire WR10 3DU, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005 Sep;59(9):755-60. doi: 10.1136/jech.2004.031674.
To identify specific toxic atmospheric emissions and their industrial sources in Great Britain. To link them with each other and with the birth addresses of children dying from cancer. To identify specific causal agents and sources.
Birth and death addresses of children dying from cancer were linked to emissions hotspots for specific chemicals: and to related source installations. Among those who moved house, distances from each address to the nearest hazard were compared. Relative excesses of close-to-hazard birth addresses showed high prenatal or early postnatal risks. Relative risks for individual and for combined exposures were measured.
Atmospheric emissions hotspots (UK, 2001) published as maps on the internet, were converted to coordinates. Industrial sites were identified through trade directories and map inspections. Child cancer addresses for 1955-80 births were extracted from an earlier inquiry and their postcodes converted to map references.
There were excess relative risks (RR) within 0.3 km of hotspots for carbon monoxide, PM10 particles, nitrogen oxides, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, dioxins, benzo(a)pyrene, and volatiles; and within 1.0 km of bus stations, hospitals, heavy transport centres, railways, and oil installations. Some excesses were attributable to mutual confounding, but 1,3-butadiene and carbon monoxide, mainly derived from engine exhausts, were powerful independent predictors. They were strongly reinforced when associated with bus stations, hospitals, railways, oil installations, and industrial transport centres; RR = 12.6 for joint <0.5 km exposure to bus stations and 1,3-butadiene.
Childhood cancers are strongly determined by prenatal or early postnatal exposures to oil based combustion gases, especially from engine exhausts. 1,3-butadiene, a known carcinogen, may be directly causal.
确定英国特定的有毒大气排放物及其工业来源。将它们相互关联，并与死于癌症儿童的出生地址建立联系。识别特定的致病因素和来源。
死于癌症儿童的出生和死亡地址与特定化学物质的排放热点以及相关的源设施相关联。在那些搬家的人中，比较了每个地址到最近危险点的距离。靠近危险点的出生地址的相对过量显示出高产前或产后早期风险。测量了个体和综合暴露的相对风险。
在互联网上以地图形式发布的大气排放热点（英国，2001年）被转换为坐标。通过商业名录和地图检查确定工业场所。从早期调查中提取了1955 - 1980年出生的儿童癌症地址，并将其邮政编码转换为地图参考。
在一氧化碳、PM10颗粒、氮氧化物、1,3 - 丁二烯、苯、二噁英、苯并(a)芘和挥发性物质热点0.3公里范围内存在相对风险（RR）过量；在公交车站、医院、重型运输中心、铁路和石油设施1.0公里范围内也存在过量。一些过量可归因于相互混杂，但主要来自发动机尾气的1,3 - 丁二烯和一氧化碳是强大的独立预测因素。当与公交车站、医院、铁路、石油设施和工业运输中心相关联时，它们会得到强烈增强；公交车站和1,3 - 丁二烯联合暴露<0.5公里时RR = 12.6。
儿童癌症在很大程度上由产前或产后早期接触油基燃烧气体所决定，尤其是来自发动机尾气的气体。已知的致癌物1,3 - 丁二烯可能直接导致癌症。
