Deeny Pat, McFetridge Brian
University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Derry-Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT48 7HL, UK.
Nurs Clin North Am. 2005 Sep;40(3):431-40, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2005.04.012.
Self, identity, and culture are important psychosocial concepts in the analysis of how individuals perceive self in social context, self across the lifespan, and self in relation to cultural context. Contemporary theories emphasize the importance of a holistic perspective and promote the idea of identity as opposed to self-concept. This article explores the application of these ideas to disasters to provide guidance for health care professionals on how disasters impact individuals, groups, and communities. Disasters have a major impact on social infrastructure and culture, and in turn result in a range of human responses. Placing identity and maintenance of cultural integrity at the heart of practice,health care professionals are encouraged to take a holistic perspective across all phases of the disaster. Individuals, groups, and communities exhibit a range of responses influenced by levels of vulnerability or resilience. Facilitating expression of feelings related to the disaster experience is an important focus for health care. Always working within the cultural context and being sensitive to the rituals related to remembering and mourning help preserve dignity and possibly facilitate creation of a new identity and a revised culture after a disaster.
自我、身份认同和文化是分析个体如何在社会背景中感知自我、一生中的自我以及与文化背景相关的自我时的重要社会心理概念。当代理论强调整体视角的重要性，并提倡身份认同的观念，以反对自我概念。本文探讨这些理念在灾害中的应用，为医护人员提供关于灾害如何影响个人、群体和社区的指导。灾害对社会基础设施和文化有重大影响，进而导致一系列人类反应。将身份认同和文化完整性的维护置于实践核心，鼓励医护人员在灾害的所有阶段都采取整体视角。个人、群体和社区表现出一系列受脆弱性或恢复力水平影响的反应。促进与灾害经历相关情感的表达是医护工作的一个重要重点。始终在文化背景下工作并对与纪念和哀悼相关的仪式保持敏感，有助于维护尊严，并可能促进灾后新身份认同的形成和文化的修订。
