Merchant Anwar T, Curhan Gary C, Rimm Eric B, Willett Walter C, Fawzi Wafaie W
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):668-74. doi: 10.1093/ajcn.82.3.668.
Essential fatty acids modulate inflammation and glucose metabolism and may alter infection risk.
We examined the association between intakes of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and fish and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia.
We prospectively evaluated 38,378 male US health professionals aged 44-79 y at the outset. We updated medical and lifestyle information biennially through questionnaires and diet every 4 y with the use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We excluded men who reported pneumonia, myocardial infarction, stroke, other heart disease, arterial surgery, cancer, or asthma before 1990 or those with incomplete dietary data. Community-acquired pneumonia was determined by blinded medical record review of chest radiographs.
During 10 y of follow-up, there were 441 new cases of nonfatal community-acquired pneumonia. Pneumonia risk was lower in men in the highest energy-adjusted quintiles of intake than in men in the lowest quintiles of intake of linoleic acid [multivariate relative risk (RR): 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.96; P for trend = 0.01] and alpha-linolenic acid (multivariate RR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.93; P for trend = 0.01). Pneumonia risk decreased 4% for every 1-g/d increase in linoleic acid intake (multivariate RR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99). Pneumonia risk was reduced by 31% for every 1-g/d increase in alpha-linolenic acid intake (multivariate RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.93). Intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were not significantly related to pneumonia risk.
Higher intakes of alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids and possibly of fish may reduce the risk of pneumonia.
必需脂肪酸可调节炎症和葡萄糖代谢，并可能改变感染风险。
我们研究了n-6和n-3脂肪酸以及鱼类的摄入量与社区获得性肺炎风险之间的关联。
我们前瞻性地评估了38378名年龄在44至79岁之间的美国男性健康专业人员。我们每两年通过问卷调查更新医疗和生活方式信息，每4年通过使用经过验证的食物频率问卷更新饮食信息。我们排除了在1990年之前报告患有肺炎、心肌梗死、中风、其他心脏病、动脉手术、癌症或哮喘的男性，或饮食数据不完整的男性。社区获得性肺炎通过对胸片进行盲法病历审查来确定。
在10年的随访期间，有441例新的非致命性社区获得性肺炎病例。在能量调整摄入量最高的五分位数组中的男性，其肺炎风险低于摄入量最低的五分位数组中的男性，亚油酸[多变量相对风险（RR）：0.70；95%置信区间（CI）：0.51，0.96；趋势P值=0.01]和α-亚麻酸（多变量RR：0.68；95%CI：0.50，0.93；趋势P值=0.01）。亚油酸摄入量每增加1克/天，肺炎风险降低4%（多变量RR：0.96；95%CI：0.93，0.99）。α-亚麻酸摄入量每增加1克/天，肺炎风险降低31%（多变量RR：0.69；95%CI：0.51，0.93）。二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的摄入量与肺炎风险无显著相关性。
较高的α-亚麻酸和亚油酸摄入量以及可能的鱼类摄入量可能会降低肺炎风险。
