Hongoh Yuichi, Deevong Pinsurang, Inoue Tetsushi, Moriya Shigeharu, Trakulnaleamsai Savitr, Ohkuma Moriya, Vongkaluang Charunee, Noparatnaraporn Napavarn, Kudo Toshiaki
International Cooperative Research Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Nov;71(11):6590-9. doi: 10.1128/AEM.71.11.6590-6599.2005.
We investigated the bacterial gut microbiota from 32 colonies of wood-feeding termites, comprising four Microcerotermes species (Termitidae) and four Reticulitermes species (Rhinotermitidae), using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and clonal analysis of 16S rRNA. The obtained molecular community profiles were compared statistically between individuals, colonies, locations, and species of termites. Both analyses revealed that the bacterial community structure was remarkably similar within each termite genus, with small but significant differences between sampling sites and/or termite species. In contrast, considerable differences were found between the two termite genera. Only one bacterial phylotype (defined with 97% sequence identity) was shared between the two termite genera, while 18% and 50% of the phylotypes were shared between two congeneric species in the genera Microcerotermes and Reticulitermes, respectively. Nevertheless, a phylogenetic analysis of 228 phylotypes from Microcerotermes spp. and 367 phylotypes from Reticulitermes spp. with other termite gut clones available in public databases demonstrated the monophyly of many phylotypes from distantly related termites. The monophyletic "termite clusters" comprised of phylotypes from more than one termite species were distributed among 15 bacterial phyla, including the novel candidate phyla TG2 and TG3. These termite clusters accounted for 95% of the 960 clones analyzed in this study. Moreover, the clusters in 12 phyla comprised phylotypes from more than one termite (sub)family, accounting for 75% of the analyzed clones. Our results suggest that the majority of gut bacteria are not allochthonous but are specific symbionts that have coevolved with termites and that their community structure is basically consistent within a genus of termites.
我们使用16S rRNA的末端限制性片段长度多态性分析和克隆分析，研究了32个以木材为食的白蚁群体的肠道细菌微生物群，这些群体包括四种微角白蚁属（白蚁科）和四种网白蚁属（鼻白蚁科）。对获得的分子群落图谱在白蚁个体、群体、地点和种类之间进行了统计学比较。两种分析均显示，每个白蚁属内的细菌群落结构非常相似，不同采样地点和/或白蚁种类之间存在微小但显著的差异。相比之下，两个白蚁属之间存在相当大的差异。两个白蚁属之间仅共享一种细菌系统型（定义为序列同一性97%），而在微角白蚁属和网白蚁属的两个同属物种之间，分别有18%和50%的系统型是共享的。尽管如此，对来自微角白蚁属的228个系统型和来自网白蚁属的367个系统型与公共数据库中其他白蚁肠道克隆进行的系统发育分析表明，许多来自远缘白蚁的系统型是单系的。由来自多个白蚁物种的系统型组成的单系“白蚁簇”分布在15个细菌门中，包括新的候选门TG2和TG3。这些白蚁簇占本研究分析的960个克隆的95%。此外，12个门中的簇包含来自多个白蚁（亚）科的系统型，占分析克隆的75%。我们的结果表明，大多数肠道细菌并非外来的，而是与白蚁共同进化的特定共生体，并且它们的群落结构在一个白蚁属内基本一致。
