Nalca Aysegul, Rimoin Anne W, Bavari Sina, Whitehouse Chris A
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Dec 15;41(12):1765-71. doi: 10.1086/498155. Epub 2005 Nov 11.
Human monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease that occurs mostly in the rain forests of central and western Africa. However, the disease recently emerged in the United States in imported wild rodents from Africa. Monkeypox has a clinical presentation very similar to that of ordinary forms of smallpox, including flulike symptoms, fever, malaise, back pain, headache, and characteristic rash. Given this clinical spectrum, differential diagnosis to rule out smallpox is very important. There are no licensed therapies for human monkeypox; however, the smallpox vaccine can protect against the disease. The discontinuation of general vaccination in the 1980s has given rise to increasing susceptibility to monkeypox virus infection in the human population. This has led to fears that monkeypox virus could be used as a bioterrorism agent. Effective prevention relies on limiting the contact with infected patients or animals and limiting the respiratory exposure to infected patients.
人猴痘是一种病毒性人畜共患病，主要发生在中非和西非的雨林地区。然而，该疾病最近在美国从非洲进口的野生啮齿动物中出现。猴痘的临床表现与普通形式的天花非常相似，包括流感样症状、发热、不适、背痛、头痛和特征性皮疹。鉴于这种临床症状范围，排除天花的鉴别诊断非常重要。目前尚无针对人猴痘的许可疗法；然而，天花疫苗可预防该疾病。20世纪80年代普遍接种疫苗的停止导致人群对猴痘病毒感染的易感性增加。这引发了人们对猴痘病毒可能被用作生物恐怖主义制剂的担忧。有效的预防措施依赖于限制与感染患者或动物的接触以及限制与感染患者的呼吸道接触。
