Larson E, Bobo L
School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.
J Emerg Med. 1992 Jan-Feb;10(1):7-11. doi: 10.1016/0736-4679(92)90003-c.
This study evaluated the effect of blood on the antimicrobial activity of several agents used for handwashing. Seventy-one healthy adult volunteers used 1 of 6 products (70% isopropyl alcohol [IPA]; liquid hand rinse containing 70% ethyl alcohol and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate [EA]; detergent containing 7.5% povidone-iodine [PI]; detergent containing 4% chlorhexidine gluconate [CHG]; a nonantimicrobial soap; and a control group that used no product) in two tests: with and without 1.2 mL of dried sterile sheeps' blood on the hands. In the presence of blood, the two alcohol products (IPA and EA) resulted in significantly greater reductions in numbers of colony-forming units than other products (P less than 0.001). When no blood was present, IPA was associated with significantly greater reductions, whereas soap and control groups had significantly lower reductions (P = 0.008). We conclude that hands are effectively degermed with a variety of products in the presence of blood, and that alcohols give greater initial reductions in colonizing flora. This is of particular relevance in emergency situations during which contamination with blood is likely and handwashing facilities are inaccessible.
本研究评估了血液对几种洗手用制剂抗菌活性的影响。71名健康成年志愿者使用6种产品中的1种（70%异丙醇[IPA]；含70%乙醇和0.5%葡萄糖酸氯己定的液体洗手液[EA]；含7.5%聚维酮碘的洗涤剂[PI]；含4%葡萄糖酸氯己定的洗涤剂[CHG]；一种非抗菌肥皂；以及一个不使用任何产品的对照组）进行两项测试：手上有和没有1.2 mL干燥无菌羊血的情况下。在有血液存在时，两种酒精类产品（IPA和EA）导致的菌落形成单位数量减少显著大于其他产品（P<0.001）。当没有血液时，IPA导致的减少显著更大，而肥皂组和对照组的减少显著更低（P = 0.008）。我们得出结论，在有血液存在的情况下，多种产品都能有效去除手上的细菌，并且酒精能使定植菌数量有更大的初始减少。这在可能发生血液污染且无法使用洗手设施的紧急情况下尤为重要。
