Yin Shi-an
National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2009;63:25-32; discussion 41-6, 259-68. doi: 10.1159/000209970.
Over the last 30 years, the nutritional status of Chinese children has greatly improved due to economic development and improved incomes. In this review, the status of childhood malnutrition and obesity in China is evaluated based on the National Nutrition and Health Survey of 2002 (NNHS2002) and the survey on National Student Health and Physical Fitness in China of 2005. Compared with the NNHS1992 survey, the body weights and heights of preschool children in urban and rural areas have significantly improved, and the prevalence of malnutrition (underweight and stunting) has been significantly reduced. However, micronutrient deficiencies, including calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamins B1 and B2, are still common in preschool and school children. These data show that the growth and development of Chinese children are under our expectations. On the other hand, the national averaged prevalences of overweight and obesity in the children under 6 years of age are 3.4 or 2.0% as estimated by the Chinese or WHO standards, respectively. We are now facing double challenges: to prevent malnutrition and the increase in overweight and obesity in children.
在过去30年里，由于经济发展和收入提高，中国儿童的营养状况有了很大改善。在本综述中，基于2002年全国营养与健康调查（NNHS2002）以及2005年中国全国学生健康与体质调查，对中国儿童期营养不良和肥胖状况进行了评估。与1992年NNHS调查相比，城乡学龄前儿童的体重和身高有了显著改善，营养不良（体重不足和发育迟缓）患病率显著降低。然而，包括钙、锌、维生素A、维生素B1和B2在内的微量营养素缺乏在学龄前和学龄儿童中仍然普遍。这些数据表明，中国儿童的生长发育情况低于我们的预期。另一方面，按照中国或世界卫生组织标准估算，6岁以下儿童超重和肥胖的全国平均患病率分别为3.4%或2.0%。我们现在正面临双重挑战：预防儿童营养不良以及超重和肥胖情况的增加。
