Ramesh A, Tanabe S, Kannan K, Subramanian A N, Kumaran P, Tatsukawa R
Department of Environment Conservation, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Jul;23(1):26-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00225992.
The residue levels of persistent organochlorines, such as HCH (BHC: 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) isomers, DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane] compounds, PCBs (polychlorobiphenyls) and HCB (hexachlorobenzene), were measured in wildlife. The wildlife were sampled from terrestrial and aquatic habitats in and around the agricultural watershed of Parangipettai, South India. On the basis of overall concentrations sigma HCH ranked first followed by sigma DDT, sigma PCB and HCB, reflecting the increasing usage of HCH in recent years in India. The residue levels of organochlorines in birds varied according to their feeding habits and showed the following pattern: inland piscivores and scavengers greater than coastal piscivores greater than insectivores greater than omnivores greater than granivores. High levels of HCH and DDT residues were recorded in Pond heron and Cattle egret which feed in the agricultural fields. Comparison of HCH concentrations in fish and birds in the study area to other locations was made to further understand the dynamics of contaminant accumulation in tropical wildlife. Regarding birds, a wide variation in residue levels could be seen among various countries, with tropical regions registering high levels. In contrast, the variation is not prominent in the case of fish. The residue levels in fish measured in the present study were generally comparable to values reported from other locations. This suggests that the bioavailability of contaminants to the aquatic fauna is less due to the smaller flux and shorter residence time of these chemicals in the tropics.
对野生动物体内持久性有机氯的残留水平进行了测量，这些有机氯包括六氯环己烷（HCH，即六六六：1,2,3,4,5,6 - 六氯环己烷）异构体、滴滴涕[1,1,1 - 三氯 - 2,2 - 双（对氯苯基）乙烷]化合物、多氯联苯（PCBs）和六氯苯（HCB）。这些野生动物采自印度南部帕兰吉佩泰农业流域及其周边的陆地和水生生境。基于总浓度，六氯环己烷总量排名第一，其次是滴滴涕总量、多氯联苯总量和六氯苯，这反映出近年来印度六氯环己烷的使用量不断增加。鸟类体内有机氯的残留水平因其食性而异，呈现出以下模式：内陆食鱼动物和食腐动物大于沿海食鱼动物大于食虫动物大于杂食动物大于食谷动物。在农田觅食的池鹭和牛背鹭体内记录到了高含量的六氯环己烷和滴滴涕残留。将研究区域内鱼类和鸟类体内六氯环己烷的浓度与其他地区进行比较，以进一步了解热带野生动物体内污染物积累的动态情况。关于鸟类，不同国家的残留水平差异很大，热带地区的残留水平较高。相比之下，鱼类的差异并不显著。本研究中测量的鱼类残留水平总体上与其他地区报告的值相当。这表明，由于这些化学物质在热带地区的通量较小且停留时间较短，其对水生动物的生物可利用性较低。
