Gittelsohn Joel, Steckler Allan, Johnson Carolyn C, Pratt Charlotte, Grieser Mira, Pickrel Julie, Stone Elaine J, Conway Terry, Coombs Derek, Staten Lisa K
Center for Human Nutrition, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2179, USA.
Health Educ Behav. 2006 Feb;33(1):25-39. doi: 10.1177/1090198105282412.
Formative research uses qualitative and quantitative methods to provide information for researchers to plan intervention programs. Gaps in the formative research literature include how to define goals, implementation plans, and research questions; select methods; analyze data; and develop interventions. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute funded the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG), a randomized, multicenter field trial, to reduce the decline in physical activity in adolescent girls. The goals of the TAAG formative research are to (a) describe study communities and schools, (b) help design the trial's interventions, (c) develop effective recruitment and retention strategies, and (d) design evaluation instruments. To meet these goals, a variety of methods, including telephone interviews, surveys and checklists, semistructured interviews, and focus group discussions, are employed. The purpose, method of development, and analyses are explained for each method.
形成性研究运用定性和定量方法，为研究人员规划干预项目提供信息。形成性研究文献中的空白包括如何定义目标、实施计划和研究问题；选择方法；分析数据；以及制定干预措施。美国国立心肺血液研究所资助了少女活动试验（TAAG），这是一项随机、多中心的现场试验，旨在减少少女身体活动的下降。TAAG形成性研究的目标是：（a）描述研究社区和学校；（b）帮助设计试验的干预措施；（c）制定有效的招募和保留策略；（d）设计评估工具。为实现这些目标，采用了多种方法，包括电话访谈、调查和清单、半结构化访谈以及焦点小组讨论。对每种方法的目的、开发方法和分析进行了解释。
