Dodson Chad S, Hege Amanda C G
Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 400400, 102 Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2005 Aug;12(4):726-31. doi: 10.3758/bf03196764.
We examined two different accounts of why studying distinctive information reduces false memories within the DRM paradigm. The impoverished relational encoding account predicts that less memorial information, such as overall familiarity, is elicited by the critical lure after distinctive encoding than after nondistinctive encoding. By contrast, the distinctiveness heuristic predicts that participants use a deliberate retrieval strategy to withhold responding to the critical lures. This retrieval strategy refers to a decision rule whereby the absence of memory for expected distinctive information is taken as evidence for an event's nonoccurrence. We show that the typical false-recognition suppression effect only occurs when the recognition test is self paced. This suppression effect is abolished when participants make recognition decisions under time pressure, such as within 1 second of seeing the test item. These results are consistent with the distinctiveness heuristic that a time-consuming retrieval strategy is used to reduce false-recognition responses.
我们考察了关于在DRM范式中为何学习独特信息能减少错误记忆的两种不同解释。贫乏关系编码解释预测，与非独特编码后相比，独特编码后关键诱词引发的记忆信息（如整体熟悉度）更少。相比之下，独特性启发式解释预测，参与者会使用一种刻意的检索策略来抑制对关键诱词的反应。这种检索策略指的是一种决策规则，即把对预期独特信息的记忆缺失作为事件未发生的证据。我们发现，典型的错误识别抑制效应仅在识别测试为自定步调时出现。当参与者在时间压力下（如在看到测试项目后的1秒内）做出识别决策时，这种抑制效应就会消失。这些结果与独特性启发式解释一致，即使用耗时的检索策略来减少错误识别反应。
