Fu Wantao, Sun Liming, Zhang Xichang, Zhang Wei
Marine Bioproducts Engineering Group, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
Biotechnol Bioeng. 2006 Apr 20;93(6):1112-22. doi: 10.1002/bit.20823.
The aim of this article is to investigate the potential of using sponges as a bioremediator to remove pathogenic bacteria in integrated aquaculture ecosystems. Using the inter-tidal marine sponge Hymeniacidon perleve as a model system, the ability of removing the most common pathogens Escherichia coli and Vibrio anguillarum II in aquaculture waters was screened in laboratory tests. In sterilized natural seawater (SNSW) supplemented with E. coli at (7.0-8.3) x 10(6) cells/mL, H. perleve can remove an average 96% of E.coli within 10.5 h at a filter rate of ca. (7.53-8.03) x 10(7) cells/h x g of fresh sponge in two independent tests. Despite the removal efficiency and filter rate are similar; the clearance rates (CR) vary significantly among individual sponge specimens and between two batches. For the tests on V. anguillarum II in SNSW, about 1.5 g fresh sponges can keep the pathogen growth under control at a lower initial density 3.6 x 10(4) cells/mL of 200 mL water volume. Further tests were done for 24 h using about 12 g fresh sponge in 2-L actual seawater collected from two aquaculture sites that have ca. eightfold difference in pathogenic bacteria load. The concentrations of E. coli, Vibrio, and total bacteria at 24 h in treatment groups were markedly lower, at about 0.9%, 6.2%-34.5%, and 13.7%-22.5%, respectively, of those in the control. Using a fluoresce stain 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate, E. coli, and V. anguillarum II cells were stained and fed to sponges in two independent tests. The confocal microscope observation confirmed that the sponges filtering-retained and digested these bacteria by phagocytosis.
本文旨在研究使用海绵作为生物修复剂去除综合水产养殖生态系统中病原菌的潜力。以潮间带海洋海绵珍珠拟海牛为模型系统，在实验室测试中筛选其去除养殖水体中最常见病原菌大肠杆菌和鳗弧菌II的能力。在添加了浓度为(7.0 - 8.3)×10⁶ 个细胞/毫升大肠杆菌的灭菌天然海水（SNSW）中，在两项独立测试中，珍珠拟海牛以约(7.53 - 8.03)×10⁷ 个细胞/小时×克新鲜海绵的过滤速率，在10.5小时内平均可去除96%的大肠杆菌。尽管去除效率和过滤速率相似，但清除率（CR）在各个海绵样本之间以及两批样本之间存在显著差异。对于在SNSW中对鳗弧菌II的测试，约1.5克新鲜海绵可在200毫升水体中较低的初始密度3.6×10⁴ 个细胞/毫升下控制病原菌生长。使用约12克新鲜海绵在从两个病原菌负荷相差约八倍的水产养殖地点采集的2升实际海水中进行了24小时的进一步测试。处理组在24小时时大肠杆菌、弧菌和总细菌的浓度分别显著低于对照组，约为对照组的0.9%、6.2% - 34.5%和13.7% - 22.5%。在两项独立测试中，使用荧光染料1,1'-二辛基-3,3,3',3'-四甲基吲哚羰花青高氯酸盐对大肠杆菌和鳗弧菌II细胞进行染色后投喂给海绵。共聚焦显微镜观察证实，海绵通过吞噬作用过滤保留并消化了这些细菌。
