Vaktskjold Arild, Talykova Ljudmila Vasiljevna, Chashchin Valerij Petrovitsj, Nieboer Evert, Thomassen Yngvar, Odland Jon Oyvind
Institutt for samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006 Feb;32(1):41-50. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.975.
This study investigated whether pregnant women employed in nickel-exposed work areas are at elevated risk of delivering a newborn with a genital malformation.
In this register-based cohort study, data about pregnancy outcome and occupation were obtained using the Kola Birth Registry. Each record in the Registry was assigned a categorical nickel exposure rating according to the occupation the delivering woman had at the time of becoming pregnant, using, as guidelines, the water-soluble nickel subfraction of the inhalable aerosol fraction obtained by personal monitoring for nickel-refinery workers or the measured urinary nickel concentrations. The reference population comprised delivering women from Moncegorsk with a background exposure level. The association of the outcome with the assigned exposure ratings was analyzed in a logistic regression model, adjusted for parity, maternal malformation, exposure to solvents, and infection in early pregnancy.
The odds ratio for nickel-exposed women delivering a newborn with a genital malformation was 0.81 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.52-1.26], and that for an undescended testicle was 0.76 (95% CI 0.40-1.47).
In this study no negative effect of maternal exposure to water-soluble nickel was found on the risk of delivering a newborn with malformations of the genital organs. The results should be interpreted with caution since there were few cases in the higher exposure groups. The findings do not exclude the possibility of an effect on the risk of other congenital malformations and adverse outcomes (including reduced fertility).
本研究调查了在镍暴露工作区域工作的孕妇分娩出患有生殖器畸形新生儿的风险是否升高。
在这项基于登记的队列研究中，使用科拉出生登记处获取妊娠结局和职业的数据。根据分娩女性怀孕时的职业，为登记处的每条记录分配一个分类镍暴露等级，以镍精炼工人个人监测获得的可吸入气溶胶部分的水溶性镍亚部分或测量的尿镍浓度为指导。参考人群包括来自蒙切戈尔斯克的背景暴露水平的分娩女性。在逻辑回归模型中分析结局与指定暴露等级的关联，并对产次、母体畸形、溶剂暴露和孕早期感染进行调整。
镍暴露女性分娩出患有生殖器畸形新生儿的比值比为0.81[95%置信区间（95%CI）0.52 - 1.26]，隐睾的比值比为0.76（95%CI 0.40 - 1.47）。
在本研究中，未发现母体暴露于水溶性镍对分娩出患有生殖器官畸形新生儿的风险有负面影响。由于高暴露组病例较少，结果应谨慎解释。这些发现不排除对其他先天性畸形风险和不良结局（包括生育力降低）有影响的可能性。
