Fisher Jennifer O, Mitchell Diane C, Smiciklas-Wright Helen, Mannino Michelle L, Birch Leann L
Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 70030, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):698-706. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.4.698.
Longitudinal data regarding the influence of beverage intakes on calcium adequacy are lacking.
This study evaluated calcium intake from ages 5 to 9 y as a function of mother-daughter beverage choices and as a predictor of bone mineral status.
Intakes of energy, calcium, milk, sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and non-energy-containing beverages were measured with the use of three 24-h dietary recalls in 192 non-Hispanic white girls aged 5, 7, and 9 y and their mothers. Calcium intakes from ages 5 to 9 y were categorized as either meeting or falling below recommended adequate intakes (AIs). The girls' bone mineral status was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at age 9 y.
The mean 5-y calcium intake was related to bone mineral density at age 9 y (beta = 0.27, P < 0.001). The girls who met the AI for calcium were not heavier (P = 0.83) but had higher energy intakes (P < 0.0001) than did the girls who consumed less than the AI. Compared with the girls who consumed less than the AI, the girls who met the AI consumed, on average, almost twice as much milk (P < 0.0001), had smaller decreases in milk intake (P < 0.01), and consumed 18% less sweetened beverages (P < 0.01) from ages 5 to 9 y; the 2 groups did not differ significantly in juice and non-energy-containing beverage intakes. The girls who met the AI were also served milk more frequently than were the girls who consumed less than the AI (P < 0.0001) and had mothers who drank milk more frequently (P < 0.01) than did the mothers of the girls who consumed less than the AI.
These findings provide new longitudinal evidence that calcium intake predicts bone mineral status during middle childhood and reflects mother-daughter beverage choice patterns that are established well before the rapid growth and bone mineralization observed in adolescence.
关于饮料摄入对钙充足性影响的纵向数据尚缺。
本研究评估5至9岁女童的钙摄入量，作为母女饮料选择的函数以及骨矿物质状况的预测指标。
采用三次24小时饮食回顾法，对192名5岁、7岁和9岁的非西班牙裔白人女童及其母亲的能量、钙、牛奶、甜味饮料、果汁和无能量饮料摄入量进行测量。将5至9岁女童的钙摄入量分为达到或低于推荐适宜摄入量（AI）。9岁时采用双能X线吸收法评估女童的骨矿物质状况。
5年的平均钙摄入量与9岁时的骨密度相关（β = 0.27，P < 0.001）。达到钙AI的女童体重并不更重（P = 0.83），但能量摄入量高于未达到AI的女童（P < 0.0001）。与未达到AI的女童相比，达到AI的女童在5至9岁期间平均饮用牛奶量几乎多一倍（P < 0.0001），牛奶摄入量下降幅度较小（P < 0.01），甜味饮料摄入量少18%（P < 0.01）；两组在果汁和无能量饮料摄入量上无显著差异。达到AI的女童比未达到AI的女童饮用牛奶更频繁（P < 0.0001），其母亲饮用牛奶也比未达到AI的女童的母亲更频繁（P < 0.01）。
这些发现提供了新的纵向证据，表明钙摄入量可预测童年中期的骨矿物质状况，并反映出母女饮料选择模式，这些模式在青春期快速生长和骨矿化之前就已确立。
