Abrams Kelley Yost, Rifkin Anne, Hesse Erik
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2006 Spring;18(2):345-61. doi: 10.1017/S0954579406060184.
Following Main and Hesse's hypothesis, several investigators have affirmed that frightened/frightening (FR) as well as particular atypical maternal behaviors are associated with infant disorganized and adult unresolved attachment. Here, for the first time, FR behavior was observed in (a) middle-class father-infant (n = 25) and independent mother-infant dyads (n = 50) and (b) a brief laboratory play session. In addition, relations between disorganization, unresolved attachment, and the six FR system subscales were explored. Paternal and maternal overall FR behavior was related to infant disorganization (n = 75, phi = .61, p < .001), and for a subsample where Adult Attachment Interviews were available (n = 32), to unresolved adult attachment (phi = .59, p < .001). At the subscale level, disorganized-FR behaviors were related to infant disorganization, but only for mother-infant dyads. Across the whole sample, both dissociative-FR and threatening-FR subscales were associated with infant disorganization. The dissociative-FR subscale emerged as the central predictor of infant disorganization and was the only subscale significantly related to unresolved attachment. The appearance of FR behavior in this 18-min play procedure suggests that FR probably occurs more frequently than previously suspected. The possible role of dissociative processes in unresolved adult attachment, disorganized attachment, and FR parental behavior is discussed.
遵循梅因和黑塞的假设，几位研究者断言，受惊吓/令人恐惧的（FR）以及某些特殊的非典型母亲行为与婴儿的混乱型依恋和成人的未解决型依恋有关。在此，首次在（a）中产阶级父亲-婴儿二元组（n = 25）和独立母亲-婴儿二元组（n = 50）以及（b）一次简短的实验室游戏环节中观察到FR行为。此外，还探讨了混乱型依恋、未解决型依恋与六个FR系统子量表之间的关系。父亲和母亲的总体FR行为与婴儿的混乱型依恋有关（n = 75，φ = 0.61，p < 0.001），对于有成人依恋访谈数据的子样本（n = 32），与成人未解决型依恋有关（φ = 0.59，p < 0.001）。在子量表层面，混乱型-FR行为与婴儿的混乱型依恋有关，但仅适用于母亲-婴儿二元组。在整个样本中，解离型-FR和威胁型-FR子量表均与婴儿的混乱型依恋有关。解离型-FR子量表成为婴儿混乱型依恋的核心预测指标，并且是唯一与未解决型依恋显著相关的子量表。在这个18分钟的游戏过程中出现FR行为表明，FR可能比之前怀疑的更频繁地发生。文中讨论了解离过程在成人未解决型依恋、混乱型依恋和FR父母行为中可能发挥的作用。
