Sheetz Michael P, Sable Julia E, Döbereiner Hans-Günther
Biological Sciences Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 2006;35:417-34. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.35.040405.102017.
The plasma membrane of most animal cells conforms to the cytoskeleton and only occasionally separates to form blebs. Previous studies indicated that many weak interactions between cytoskeleton and the lipid bilayer kept the surfaces together to counteract the normal outward pressure of cytoplasm. Either the loss of adhesion strength or the formation of gaps in the cytoskeleton enables the pressure to form blebs. Membrane-associated cytoskeleton proteins, such as spectrin and filamin, can control the movement and aggregation of membrane proteins and lipids, e.g., phosphoinositol phospholipids (PIPs), as well as blebbing. At the same time, lipids (particularly PIPs) and membrane proteins affect cytoskeleton and signaling dynamics. We consider here the roles of the major phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate (PIP2) binding protein, MARCKS, and PIP2 levels in controlling cytoskeleton dynamics. Further understanding of dynamics will provide important clues about how membrane-cytoskeleton adhesion rapidly adjusts to cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics.
大多数动物细胞的质膜与细胞骨架相符，只是偶尔会分离形成泡状突起。先前的研究表明，细胞骨架与脂质双层之间的许多弱相互作用使两者表面结合在一起，以抵消细胞质正常的向外压力。黏附强度的丧失或细胞骨架中形成间隙都会使压力促使泡状突起形成。膜相关细胞骨架蛋白，如血影蛋白和细丝蛋白，能够控制膜蛋白和脂质（如磷酸肌醇磷脂，PIPs）的移动和聚集，以及泡状突起的形成。同时，脂质（特别是PIPs）和膜蛋白会影响细胞骨架和信号转导动力学。我们在此探讨主要的磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸（PIP2）结合蛋白、肌醇蛋白激酶C底物（MARCKS）以及PIP2水平在控制细胞骨架动力学中的作用。对动力学的进一步了解将为膜-细胞骨架黏附如何快速适应细胞骨架和膜动力学提供重要线索。
