Smith A, Reacher M, Smerdon W, Adak G K, Nichols G, Chalmers R M
Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections London, UK.
Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Dec;134(6):1141-9. doi: 10.1017/S0950268806006406. Epub 2006 May 11.
We reviewed the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of 89 reported outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease affecting 4321 people in England and Wales over the period 1992-2003. Public water supplies were implicated in 24 outbreaks (27%), private water supplies in 25 (28%), swimming pools in 35 (39%) and other sources in five outbreaks (6%). Cryptosporidium was implicated in 69% of outbreaks, Campylobacter sp. in 14%, Giardia in 2%, E. coli O157 in 3% and Astrovirus in 1%. From 2000, there was a consistent decline in the number of outbreaks of waterborne disease associated with public water supplies. The incidence rate of outbreaks in recipients of private water supplies may be as high as 35 times the rate in those receiving public water supplies (1830 vs. 53 per million population). Private water suppliers need to be aware of the importance of adequate treatment and the prevention of faecal contamination of storage water. Swimming-pool operators need to ensure chlorination and in particular adequate filtration measures are in place.
我们回顾了1992年至2003年期间在英格兰和威尔士报告的89起水源性传染性肠道疾病暴发事件的流行病学和微生物学特征，这些事件共影响了4321人。公共供水系统涉及24起暴发事件（27%），私人供水系统涉及25起（28%），游泳池涉及35起（39%），其他水源涉及5起暴发事件（6%）。隐孢子虫与69%的暴发事件有关，弯曲杆菌属占14%，贾第虫占2%，肠出血性大肠杆菌O157占3%，星状病毒占1%。从2000年起，与公共供水系统相关的水源性疾病暴发数量持续下降。私人供水用户的暴发发病率可能高达公共供水用户发病率的35倍（每百万人口中分别为1830例和53例）。私人供水供应商需要意识到充分处理以及防止储水受到粪便污染的重要性。游泳池经营者需要确保进行氯化处理，尤其要落实充分的过滤措施。
