Patlolla Babu P, Patlolla Anita K, Tchounwou Paul B
Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2005 Apr;2(1):101-6. doi: 10.3390/ijerph2005010101.
The major concern for the halogenated compounds is their widespread distribution, in addition to occupational exposures. Several chlorinated alkanes and alkenes were found to induce toxic effects. In this study, we investigated the genotoxic potential of 1,1-dichloroethane in the bone marrow cells obtained from Swiss-Webster mice, using chromosomal aberrations (CA), mitotic index (MI), and micronuclei (MN) formation as toxicological endpoints. Five groups of three male mice each, weighing an average of 24 +/- 2 g, were injected intraperitoneally, once with doses of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) of 1,1-dichloroethane dissolved in ethanol. A control group was also made of three animals injected with ethanol (1%) without the chemical. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the treatment. Chromosome and micronuclei preparations were obtained from bone marrow cells following standard protocols. Chromatid and chromosome aberrations were investigated in 100 metaphase cells per animal and percent micronuclei frequencies were investigated in 1,000 metaphase cells per animal. 1,1-dichloroethane exposures significantly increased the number of chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of micronucleated cells in the bone marrow cells of Swiss-Webster mice. Percent chromosomal aberrations of 2.67 +/- 0.577, 7.66 +/- 2.89, 8.33 +/- 2.08, 14.67 +/- 2.51, 20.3 +/- 3.21, 28 +/- 3.61; mitotic index of 9.4%, 7.9%, 6.2%, 4.3%, 3.0%, 2.6% and micronuclei frequencies of 3.33 +/- 0.7, 7.33 +/- 0.9, 8.00 +/- 1.0, 11.67 +/- 1.2, 15.33 +/- 0.7, 18.00 +/- 1.7 were recorded for the control, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg BW respectively; indicating a gradual increase in number of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation, with increasing dose of 1,1,-dichloroethane. Our results indicate that 1,1-dichloroethane has a genotoxic potential as measured by the bone marrow CA and MN tests in Swiss-Webster mice.
除职业暴露外，卤代化合物的主要问题是其广泛分布。已发现几种氯代烷烃和烯烃会产生毒性作用。在本研究中，我们以染色体畸变（CA）、有丝分裂指数（MI）和微核（MN）形成作为毒理学终点，研究了1,1 - 二氯乙烷对瑞士韦伯斯特小鼠骨髓细胞的遗传毒性潜力。将五组每组三只平均体重为24±2 g的雄性小鼠腹腔注射一次溶解于乙醇中的1,1 - 二氯乙烷，剂量分别为100、200、300、400、500 mg/kg体重（BW）。还设置了一个对照组，由三只注射了不含该化学物质的乙醇（1%）的动物组成。所有动物在处理后24小时处死。按照标准方案从骨髓细胞中制备染色体和微核标本。对每只动物的100个中期细胞进行染色单体和染色体畸变研究，对每只动物的1000个中期细胞进行微核频率研究。1,1 - 二氯乙烷暴露显著增加了瑞士韦伯斯特小鼠骨髓细胞中的染色体畸变数量和微核细胞频率。对照组、100、200、300、400和500 mg/kg BW组的染色体畸变率分别为2.67±0.577、7.66±2.89、8.33±2.08、14.67±2.51、20.3±3.21、28±3.61；有丝分裂指数分别为9.4%、7.9%、6.2%、4.3%、3.0%、2.6%；微核频率分别为3.33±0.7、7.33±0.9、8.00±1.0、11.67±1.2、15.33±0.7、18.00±1.7；表明随着1,1 - 二氯乙烷剂量增加，染色体畸变数量和微核形成逐渐增加。我们的结果表明，通过瑞士韦伯斯特小鼠的骨髓CA和MN试验测定，1,1 - 二氯乙烷具有遗传毒性潜力。
