Medina-Mora María Elena, Borges Guilherme, Fleiz Clara, Benjet Corina, Rojas Estela, Zambrano Joaquín, Villatoro Jorge, Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio
Ramón de la Fuente National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2006 Apr;19(4):265-76. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892006000400007.
To describe the prevalence of drug use disorders, the correlates of drug use, and the utilization of specialized treatment services for drug users among the Mexican urban population 18-65 years old.
The data were collected in 2001 and 2002 in the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey. The sample design was stratified probabilistically for six geographical areas of the country in a multistage process for census count areas, city blocks, groups of households, and individuals. The data were weighted, taking into account the probability of selection and the response rate. The information was collected using a computerized version of the World Mental Health Survey edition of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The weighted response rate for individuals was 76.6%.
Overall, 2.3% of the population reported any illicit use of drugs in the preceding 12 months; marijuana and cocaine were the substances most often used. Low levels of education were significantly associated with use, abuse, and dependence. Use of any drug was significantly more common among those who were in the youngest age group (18-29 years), were male, or were living in the Northwest region of the country. Overall, 1.4% had a lifetime history of drug abuse or dependence, with this being much more common for men (2.9%) than for women (0.2%). The 12-month prevalence of drug abuse or dependence was 0.4% overall (0.9% for men, and 0.0% for women). The rate of treatment during the preceding 12 months for those with the 12-month criteria for abuse or dependence was 17.1%; 14.8% were seen in specialized treatment centers; 2.8% reported having attended self-help groups.
A noticeable number of Mexicans have a drug use disorder, but demand for treatment is limited, in part due to stigma. Our results indicate that there is an urgent need to organize the specialized services for persons with a substance abuse disorder according to the prevalence of dependence on different substances and the variation in prevalence in the different regions of the country.
描述18至65岁墨西哥城市人口中药物使用障碍的患病率、药物使用的相关因素以及吸毒者对专业治疗服务的利用情况。
数据于2001年和2002年在墨西哥全国共病调查中收集。样本设计在全国六个地理区域进行概率分层，采用多阶段抽样方法，涵盖人口普查计数区、城市街区、家庭组和个人。数据进行了加权处理，考虑了选择概率和回复率。信息通过计算机化的世界心理健康调查版综合国际诊断访谈收集。个人加权回复率为76.6%。
总体而言，2.3%的人口报告在过去12个月内有任何非法药物使用情况；大麻和可卡因是最常使用的物质。低教育水平与药物使用、滥用和依赖显著相关。在最年轻年龄组（18至29岁）、男性或居住在该国西北地区的人群中，使用任何药物的情况明显更为普遍。总体而言，1.4%的人有药物滥用或依赖的终生病史，男性（2.9%）比女性（0.2%）更为常见。药物滥用或依赖的12个月患病率总体为0.4%（男性为0.9%，女性为0.0%）。在过去12个月内，符合12个月滥用或依赖标准的人群中，接受治疗的比例为17.1%；14.8%在专业治疗中心接受治疗；2.8%报告参加过自助小组。
相当数量的墨西哥人患有药物使用障碍，但对治疗的需求有限，部分原因是存在耻辱感。我们的结果表明，迫切需要根据对不同物质的依赖患病率以及该国不同地区患病率的差异，为患有物质滥用障碍的人组织专业服务。
