Greiner A, Wendorff J H, Yarin A L, Zussman E
Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Jul;71(4):387-93. doi: 10.1007/s00253-006-0356-z. Epub 2006 Jun 10.
Advanced techniques for the preparation of nanofibers, core shell fibers, hollow fibers, and rods and tubes from natural and synthetic polymers with diameters down to a few nanometers have recently been established. These techniques, among them electro- and co-electrospinning and specific template methods, allow the incorporation not only of semiconductor or catalytic nanoparticles or chromophores but also enzymes, proteins, microorganism, etc., directly during the preparation process into these nanostructures in a very gentle way. One particular advantage is that biological objects such as, for instance, proteins can be immobilized in a fluid environment within these polymer-based nano-objects in such a way that they keep their native conformation and the corresponding functions. The range of applications of such biohybrid nanosystems is extremely broad, for instance, in the areas of biosensorics, catalysis, drug delivery, or optoelectronics.
最近已经建立了从天然和合成聚合物制备直径低至几纳米的纳米纤维、核壳纤维、中空纤维以及棒和管的先进技术。这些技术，包括静电纺丝和共静电纺丝以及特定的模板方法，不仅允许在制备过程中以非常温和的方式将半导体或催化纳米颗粒、发色团直接掺入这些纳米结构中，还允许将酶、蛋白质、微生物等直接掺入。一个特别的优点是，诸如蛋白质之类的生物物体可以以保持其天然构象和相应功能的方式固定在这些基于聚合物的纳米物体内的流体环境中。这种生物杂交纳米系统的应用范围极其广泛，例如在生物传感、催化、药物递送或光电子学领域。
