Welker Martin, von Döhren Hans
Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, AG Biochemie, Berlin, Germany.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006 Jul;30(4):530-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00022.x.
Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites have attracted increasing scientific interest due to bioactivity of many compounds in various test systems. Among the known structures, oligopeptides are often found with many congeners sharing conserved substructures, while being highly variable in others. A major part of known oligopeptides are of non-ribosomal origin and can be grouped into classes with conserved structural properties. Thus, the overall structural diversity of cyanobacterial oligopeptides only seemingly suggests an equally high diversity of biosynthetic pathways and respective genes. For each class of peptides, some of which have been found in all major branches of the cyanobacterial evolutionary tree, homologous synthetases and genes can be inferred. This implies that non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes are a very ancient part of the cyanobacterial genome and presumably have evolved by recombination and duplication events to reach the present structural diversity of cyanobacterial oligopeptides. In addition, peptide synthetases would appear to be an essential part of the cyanobacterial evolution and physiology. The present review presents an overview of the biosynthesis of cyanobacterial peptides and corresponding gene clusters, the structural diversity of structural types and structural variations within peptide classes, and implications for the evolution and plasticity of biosynthetic genes and the potential function of cyanobacterial peptides.
由于许多化合物在各种测试系统中具有生物活性，蓝藻次生代谢产物已引起越来越多的科学关注。在已知结构中，经常发现寡肽有许多同系物共享保守的亚结构，而在其他方面则高度可变。已知寡肽的主要部分是非核糖体起源的，可以分为具有保守结构特性的类别。因此，蓝藻寡肽的整体结构多样性仅表面上暗示了生物合成途径和相应基因同样高的多样性。对于每一类肽，其中一些已在蓝藻进化树的所有主要分支中发现，可以推断出同源合成酶和基因。这意味着非核糖体肽合成酶基因是蓝藻基因组非常古老的一部分，大概是通过重组和复制事件进化而来，以达到蓝藻寡肽目前的结构多样性。此外，肽合成酶似乎是蓝藻进化和生理学的重要组成部分。本综述概述了蓝藻肽的生物合成和相应的基因簇、结构类型的结构多样性和肽类中的结构变异，以及对生物合成基因的进化和可塑性以及蓝藻肽潜在功能的影响。
