Sharma Parvesh, Brown Scott, Walter Glenn, Santra Swadeshmukul, Moudgil Brij
Particle Engineering Research Center and Material Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2006 Nov 16;123-126:471-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.05.026. Epub 2006 Aug 4.
The emergence of synthesis strategies for the fabrication of nanosized contrast agents is anticipated to lead to advancements in understanding biological processes at the molecular level in addition to progress in the development of diagnostic tools and innovative therapies. Imaging agents such as fluorescent dye-doped silica nanoparticles, quantum dots and gold nanoparticles have overcome many of the limitations of conventional contrast agents (organic dyes) such as poor photostability, low quantum yield, insufficient in vitro and in vivo stability, etc. Such particulates are now being developed for absorbance and emission in the near infrared region, which is expected to allow for real time and deep tissue imaging via optical routes. Other efforts to facilitate deep tissue imaging with pre-existing technologies have lead to the development of multimodal nanoparticles which are both optical and MRI active. The main focus of this article is to provide an overview of properties and design of contrast agents such as dye-doped silica nanoparticles, quantum dots and gold nanoparticles for non-invasive bioimaging.
纳米级造影剂合成策略的出现，除了有望推动诊断工具和创新疗法的发展外，还将促进在分子水平上对生物过程的理解。诸如荧光染料掺杂的二氧化硅纳米颗粒、量子点和金纳米颗粒等成像剂，克服了传统造影剂（有机染料）的许多局限性，如光稳定性差、量子产率低、体外和体内稳定性不足等。目前正在开发此类颗粒，使其在近红外区域具有吸收和发射能力，有望通过光学途径实现实时和深部组织成像。利用现有技术促进深部组织成像的其他努力，已导致开发出兼具光学和MRI活性的多模态纳米颗粒。本文的主要重点是概述用于非侵入性生物成像的造影剂，如染料掺杂的二氧化硅纳米颗粒、量子点和金纳米颗粒的特性和设计。
