Rüdel Heinz, Böhmer Walter, Schröter-Kermani Christa
Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), 57377, Schmallenberg, Germany.
J Environ Monit. 2006 Aug;8(8):812-23. doi: 10.1039/b602389b. Epub 2006 Jun 30.
The polycyclic musk compounds HHCB (Galaxolide) and AHTN (Tonalide) are commonly used as synthetic fragrances in personal care products and household cleaners. These and other synthetic musk fragrances were quantified in different aquatic samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB). While HHCB and AHTN were found in almost all samples, most of the other musk fragrances were detected only in a few samples and mostly at lower concentration levels. Blue mussels from the North Sea showed varying levels of 0.5-1.7 ng g(-1) ww for HHCB and 0.4-2.5 ng g(-1) ww for AHTN (ww, wet weight) in the period from 1986 to 2000, while blue mussels from the Baltic Sea were only slightly contaminated with synthetic musk fragrances. Lipid weight-related concentrations of synthetic musk compounds in blue mussels were higher than in eelpout muscles, bladder wrack and herring gull eggs. In comparison to the marine specimens, muscles of bream from German rivers had higher concentrations of HHCB and AHTN. The ranges of HHCB and AHTN concentrations in bream from the Elbe River were 545-6400 ng g(-1) lw and 48-2130 ng g(-1) lw, respectively (lw, lipid weight; five sampling sites, period 1993-2003). In the Rhine River, HHCB and AHTN levels of bream muscles were highest at the Iffezheim site (up to 9750 ng g(-1) lw HHCB, 1998). Even higher synthetic musk levels were detected in bream from the rivers Saale and Saar. In recent years, levels of both compounds determined in bream from most sampling sites have decreased from maximum values in the 1990s. As the concentrations of AHTN have decreased faster, the ratio of HHCB to AHTN increased from 2-4 in the 1990s to 10-20 in recent years.
多环麝香化合物HHCB（佳乐麝香）和AHTN（吐纳麝香）常用于个人护理产品和家用清洁剂中的合成香料。在德国环境标本库（ESB）的不同水生样本中对这些以及其他合成麝香香料进行了定量分析。虽然在几乎所有样本中都发现了HHCB和AHTN，但大多数其他麝香香料仅在少数样本中被检测到，且大多处于较低浓度水平。1986年至2000年期间，北海的蓝贻贝中HHCB含量为0.5 - 1.7 ng g(-1)湿重，AHTN含量为0.4 - 2.5 ng g(-1)湿重（湿重），而波罗的海的蓝贻贝仅受到合成麝香香料的轻微污染。蓝贻贝中与脂质重量相关的合成麝香化合物浓度高于长蛇齿单线鱼肌肉、墨角藻和银鸥蛋中的浓度。与海洋标本相比，德国河流中的鲷鱼肌肉中HHCB和AHTN的浓度更高。易北河鲷鱼中HHCB和AHTN的浓度范围分别为545 - 6400 ng g(-1)脂重和48 - 2130 ng g(-1)脂重（脂重；五个采样点，1993 - 2003年期间）。在莱茵河，鲷鱼肌肉中的HHCB和AHTN水平在伊费茨海姆采样点最高（1998年HHCB高达9750 ng g(-1)脂重）。在萨勒河和萨尔河的鲷鱼中检测到的合成麝香水平甚至更高。近年来，大多数采样点鲷鱼中这两种化合物的含量已从20世纪90年代的最大值下降。由于AHTN含量下降更快，HHCB与AHTN的比例从20世纪90年代的2至4增加到近年来的10至20。
