Hedden Trey, Yoon Carolyn
Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2006 Sep;20(5):511-28. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.20.5.511.
Recent theories have suggested that resistance to interference is a unifying principle of executive function and that individual differences in interference may be explained by executive function (M. J. Kane & R. W. Engle, 2002). Measures of executive function, memory, and perceptual speed were obtained from 121 older adults (ages 63-82). We used structural equation modeling to investigate the relationships of these constructs with interference in a working memory task. Executive function was best described as two related subcomponent processes: shifting and updating goal-relevant representations and inhibition of proactive interference. These subcomponents were distinct from verbal and visual memory and speed. Individual differences in interference susceptibility and recollection were best predicted by shifting and updating and by resistance to proactive interference, and variability in familiarity was predicted by resistance to proactive interference and speed.
近期理论表明，抗干扰能力是执行功能的一个统一原则，干扰方面的个体差异可能由执行功能来解释（M. J. 凯恩和R. W. 恩格尔，2002年）。从121名老年人（年龄在63 - 82岁之间）那里获取了执行功能、记忆和感知速度的测量数据。我们使用结构方程模型来研究这些构念与工作记忆任务中的干扰之间的关系。执行功能最好被描述为两个相关的子成分过程：转移和更新与目标相关的表征以及抑制主动干扰。这些子成分与言语和视觉记忆及速度不同。干扰易感性和回忆方面的个体差异最好由转移和更新以及对主动干扰的抵抗力来预测，而熟悉度的变异性则由对主动干扰的抵抗力和速度来预测。
