Pararas M V, Skevaki C L, Kafetzis D A
Infectious Diseases Unit, P & A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006 Sep;25(9):562-9. doi: 10.1007/s10096-006-0190-3.
Preterm birth represents a major problem for modern obstetrics due to its increasing frequency and the accompanying socioeconomic impact. Although several maternal characteristics related to preterm birth have been identified, the etiology in most cases remains inadequately understood. Various microorganisms have been linked to the pathogenesis of preterm birth. Microbes may reach the amniotic cavity and fetus by ascending from the vagina and cervix, by hematogenous distribution through the placenta, by migration from the abdominal cavity through the fallopian tubes, or through invasive medical procedures. Organisms commonly cultured from the amniotic cavity following preterm delivery include Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Bacteroides spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and group B hemolytic streptococci. Several trials have examined the effect of antibiotic administration to patients with preterm labor and intact membranes, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, genital mycoplasmal infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, and bacterial vaginosis. The results of such studies, which were variable and often conflicting, are discussed here.
早产因其发生率不断上升以及随之而来的社会经济影响，成为现代产科学面临的一个主要问题。尽管已确定了一些与早产相关的母体特征，但大多数情况下其病因仍未得到充分了解。多种微生物与早产的发病机制有关。微生物可通过从阴道和宫颈上行、经胎盘血行播散、从腹腔经输卵管迁移或通过侵入性医疗操作进入羊膜腔和胎儿体内。早产分娩后羊膜腔中常见培养出的微生物包括解脲脲原体、人型支原体、拟杆菌属、阴道加德纳菌、淋病奈瑟菌、沙眼衣原体、阴道毛滴虫和B族溶血性链球菌。多项试验研究了抗生素对早产且胎膜完整、胎膜早破、生殖道支原体感染、无症状菌尿和细菌性阴道病患者的治疗效果。本文将讨论这些研究结果，其结果各异且常常相互矛盾。
