Szapocznik José, Lombard Joanna, Martinez Frank, Mason Craig A, Gorman-Smith Deborah, Plater-Zyberk Elizabeth, Brown Scott C, Spokane Arnold
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Center for Family Studies, 1425 NW 10th Ave., Room 207, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2006 Dec;38(3-4):299-310. doi: 10.1007/s10464-006-9084-x.
A population-based study examined the relationship between diversity of use of the built environment and teacher reports of children's grades. Diversity of use of the built environment (i.e., proportion of a block that is residential, institutional, commercial and vacant) was assessed for all 403 city blocks in East Little Havana, Miami-a Hispanic neighborhood. Cluster analysis identified three block-types, based on diversity of use: Residential, Mixed-Use, and Commercial. Cross-classified hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the impact of diversity of use, school, gender, and year-in-school on academic and conduct grades for 2857 public school children who lived in these blocks. Contrary to popular belief, mixed-use blocks were associated with optimal outcomes. Specifically, follow-up analyses found that a youth living on a residential block had a 74% greater odds of being in the lowest 10% of conduct grades (conduct GPA <2.17) than a youth living on a mixed-use block. In fact, an analysis of the population attributable fraction suggests that if the risk associated with residential blocks could be reduced to the level of risk associated with mixed-use blocks, a 38% reduction in Conduct GPAs <2.17 could be achieved in the total population. These findings suggest that public policy targeting the built environment may be a mechanism for community-based interventions to enhance children's classroom conduct, and potentially related sequelae.
一项基于人群的研究考察了建筑环境使用多样性与教师对儿童成绩报告之间的关系。对迈阿密小哈瓦那东部的所有403个城市街区（一个西班牙裔社区）评估了建筑环境的使用多样性（即一个街区中住宅、机构、商业和空置区域的比例）。聚类分析根据使用多样性确定了三种街区类型：住宅型、混合型和商业型。交叉分类分层线性模型用于研究使用多样性、学校、性别和在校年份对居住在这些街区的2857名公立学校儿童学业成绩和行为成绩的影响。与普遍看法相反，混合型街区与最佳结果相关。具体而言，后续分析发现，居住在住宅型街区的青少年行为成绩处于最低10%（行为平均绩点<2.17）的几率比居住在混合型街区的青少年高74%。事实上，对人群归因分数的分析表明，如果将与住宅型街区相关的风险降低到与混合型街区相关的风险水平，那么在总人口中，行为平均绩点<2.17的情况可减少38%。这些发现表明，针对建筑环境的公共政策可能是基于社区的干预措施，以改善儿童在课堂上的行为以及潜在的相关后遗症的一种机制。
