Segerstrom Suzanne C
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Health Psychol. 2006 Sep;25(5):653-7. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.25.5.653.
Studies have linked optimism to poorer immunity during difficult stressors. In this study, when 1st-year law students (N = 46) relocated to attend law school, reducing conflict among curricular and extracurricular goals, optimism predicted larger delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, indicating more robust in vivo cellular immunity. However, when students did not relocate, increasing goal conflict, optimism predicted smaller responses. Although this effect has been attributed to negative affect when difficult stressors violate optimistic expectancies, distress did not mediate optimism's effects on immunity. Alternative affective mediators related to engagement--engaged affect and fatigue--likewise failed to mediate optimism's effects, although all 3 types of affect independently influenced in vivo immunity. Alternative pathways include effort or self-regulatory depletion.
研究表明，在面临艰难压力源时，乐观情绪与较差的免疫力有关。在本研究中，当一年级法律系学生（N = 46）搬迁至另一处就读法学院，从而减少课程目标与课外目标之间的冲突时，乐观情绪预示着更强的迟发型超敏反应，这表明体内细胞免疫更强。然而，当学生未搬迁，目标冲突增加时，乐观情绪预示着反应较小。尽管当艰难压力源违背乐观预期时，这种效应被归因于消极情绪，但痛苦并未介导乐观情绪对免疫力的影响。与参与度相关的其他情感介导因素——参与性情感和疲劳——同样未能介导乐观情绪的影响，尽管这三种情感类型均独立影响体内免疫力。其他途径包括努力或自我调节耗竭。
