Moinard-Checot D, Chevalier Y, Briançon S, Fessi H, Guinebretière S
Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés LAGEP, UMR 5007 CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon, 43 bd 11, Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2006 Sep-Oct;6(9-10):2664-81. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2006.479.
The elaboration of nanoparticles aqueous suspensions aimed at the drug delivery and related process development appear as difficult tasks, due to specificities related to the nanometric size. Such small sizes are required for specific applications in pharmacy. The switch of micrometric to nanometric field represents an actual challenge and cannot be considered as a simple scaling-down of chemical engineers. Ideas and concepts developed first in nanosciences have been adapted to the pharmaceutical application in drug delivery. In spite of drastic constraints due to pharmaceutical application, some parameters allow the control. A brief and not exhaustive review of the state-of-the-art on polymer particles used in the drug delivery field is presented. Attention was more particularly paid on preparation processes and their constraints by describing advantages and drawbacks of each process. The adaptation to the pharmaceutical field, the difficulties and pitfalls which are shared, with most research works in nanoscience, are illustrated thanks to our own results on nanocapsules obtained by "emulsion-diffusion" process presented as a case-study. Thanks to these results, we illustrate the peculiar features and difficulties encountered regarding nanocapsules preparation and characterization. Indeed, such a process allows to prepare nanocapsules of few hundreds nanometers diameter having an oil core surrounded by a polymeric membrane. The characterization of such soft particles colloidal suspensions is often difficult and involves heavy investigation techniques in order to highlight physical mechanisms leading to the nanocapsule properties. This is a key step regarding the final properties as a drug delivery system.
由于与纳米尺寸相关的特性，制备用于药物递送及相关工艺开发的纳米颗粒水悬浮液似乎是一项艰巨的任务。在药学的特定应用中需要如此小的尺寸。从微米级到纳米级领域的转变是一项实际挑战，不能被视为化学工程师的简单缩小规模。最初在纳米科学中发展起来的理念和概念已被应用于药物递送的药学应用。尽管药学应用存在严格限制，但一些参数仍可控制。本文简要且非详尽地综述了药物递送领域中使用的聚合物颗粒的最新研究状况。通过描述每种制备工艺的优缺点，特别关注了制备工艺及其限制因素。借助我们通过“乳液扩散”工艺获得的纳米胶囊的自身研究结果（作为案例研究呈现），说明了在纳米科学的大多数研究工作中共同面临的对药学领域的适应性、困难和陷阱。基于这些结果，我们阐述了纳米胶囊制备和表征过程中遇到的独特特征和困难。实际上，这样的工艺能够制备出直径为几百纳米的纳米胶囊，其具有被聚合物膜包围的油核。对这种软颗粒胶体悬浮液的表征通常很困难，并且需要借助复杂的研究技术来突出导致纳米胶囊性能的物理机制。这是作为药物递送系统的最终性能的关键步骤。
