Ottoson J, Hansen A, Westrell T, Johansen K, Norder H, Stenström T A
Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Parasitology, Mycology and Environmental Microbiology, Solna.
Water Environ Res. 2006 Aug;78(8):828-34. doi: 10.2175/106143006x101719.
The aim of this study was to investigate variation in the occurrence and removal of enteroviruses, noroviruses, Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and the most commonly used fecal indicators in four Swedish secondary wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Paired samples were taken from the inlet and outlet of each WWTP. (Oo)cysts and indicators were enumerated with standard methods and viruses with a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Giardia cysts and enteroviruses were constantly detected (mean numbers were 10(3.31) cysts and 10(4.44) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) units L(-1), respectively). Oocysts were found in 5 out of 19 samples (mean number was 20 L(-1)). Noroviruses were found between November and February, with an average titer of 10(3.29( L(-1). Mean cyst removal was 2.6 log, while noroviruses and enteroviruses were removed by 0.9 and 1.3 log, respectively. There was no correlation between the removals of pathogens and indicators (p > 0.05). Coliphage removal resembled human viral removal better than did F-specific phage.
本研究旨在调查瑞典四座二级污水处理厂中肠道病毒、诺如病毒、贾第虫包囊、隐孢子虫卵囊以及最常用粪便指示菌的发生和去除情况的差异。从各污水处理厂的进水口和出水口采集配对样本。采用标准方法对（卵）囊和指示菌进行计数，采用逆转录聚合酶链反应对病毒进行检测。贾第虫包囊和肠道病毒始终能被检测到（平均数量分别为10(3.31)个包囊和10(4.44)个聚合酶链反应（PCR）单位L(-1)）。在19个样本中有5个检测到卵囊（平均数量为20 L(-1)）。诺如病毒在11月至2月间被检测到，平均滴度为10(3.29( L(-1)。包囊的平均去除对数为2.6，而诺如病毒和肠道病毒的去除对数分别为0.9和1.3。病原体和指示菌的去除之间没有相关性（p > 0.05）。与F特异性噬菌体相比，大肠杆菌噬菌体的去除情况更类似于人类病毒的去除情况。
