Pouillot Régis, Van Doren Jane M, Woods Jacquelina, Plante Daniel, Smith Mark, Goblick Gregory, Roberts Christopher, Locas Annie, Hajen Walter, Stobo Jeffrey, White John, Holtzman Jennifer, Buenaventura Enrico, Burkhardt William, Catford Angela, Edwards Robyn, DePaola Angelo, Calci Kevin R
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Jul;81(14):4669-81. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00509-15. Epub 2015 May 1.
Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States and Canada. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents impacting bivalve mollusk-growing areas are potential sources of NoV contamination. We have developed a meta-analysis that evaluates WWTP influent concentrations and log10 reductions of NoV genotype I (NoV GI; in numbers of genome copies per liter [gc/liter]), NoV genotype II (NoV GII; in gc/liter), and male-specific coliphage (MSC; in number of PFU per liter), a proposed viral surrogate for NoV. The meta-analysis included relevant data (2,943 measurements) reported in the scientific literature through September 2013 and previously unpublished surveillance data from the United States and Canada. Model results indicated that the mean WWTP influent concentration of NoV GII (3.9 log10 gc/liter; 95% credible interval [CI], 3.5, 4.3 log10 gc/liter) is larger than the value for NoV GI (1.5 log10 gc/liter; 95% CI, 0.4, 2.4 log10 gc/liter), with large variations occurring from one WWTP to another. For WWTPs with mechanical systems and chlorine disinfection, mean log10 reductions were -2.4 log10 gc/liter (95% CI, -3.9, -1.1 log10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, -2.7 log10 gc/liter (95% CI, -3.6, -1.9 log10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and -2.9 log10 PFU per liter (95% CI, -3.4, -2.4 log10 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Comparable values for WWTPs with lagoon systems and chlorine disinfection were -1.4 log10 gc/liter (95% CI, -3.3, 0.5 log10 gc/liter) for NoV GI, -1.7 log10 gc/liter (95% CI, -3.1, -0.3 log10 gc/liter) for NoV GII, and -3.6 log10 PFU per liter (95% CI, -4.8, -2.4 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Within WWTPs, correlations exist between mean NoV GI and NoV GII influent concentrations and between the mean log10 reduction in NoV GII and the mean log10 reduction in MSCs.
人诺如病毒（NoV）是美国和加拿大食源性疾病的主要病因。影响双壳贝类养殖区的污水处理厂（WWTP）废水是诺如病毒污染的潜在来源。我们开展了一项荟萃分析，评估污水处理厂进水口诺如病毒I型（NoV GI；以每升基因组拷贝数[gc/升]计）、诺如病毒II型（NoV GII；以gc/升计）以及雄性特异性噬菌体（MSC；以每升噬斑形成单位数计）的浓度和以10为底的减少量，MSC是一种提议的诺如病毒替代病毒。该荟萃分析纳入了截至2013年9月科学文献中报告的相关数据（2943次测量）以及美国和加拿大此前未发表的监测数据。模型结果表明，诺如病毒GII型污水处理厂进水口的平均浓度（3.9 log10 gc/升；95%可信区间[CI]，3.5，4.3 log10 gc/升）高于诺如病毒GI型（1.5 log10 gc/升；95% CI，0.4，2.4 log10 gc/升），不同污水处理厂之间存在很大差异。对于采用机械系统和氯消毒的污水处理厂，诺如病毒GI型的平均以10为底的减少量为-2.4 log10 gc/升（95% CI，-3.9，-1.1 log10 gc/升），诺如病毒GII型为-2.7 log10 gc/升（95% CI，-3.6，-1.9 log10 gc/升），MSC为-2.9 log10 PFU/升（95% CI，-3.4，-2.4 log10 PFU/升）。对于采用泻湖系统和氯消毒的污水处理厂，诺如病毒GI型的可比数值为-1.4 log10 gc/升（95% CI，-3.3，0.5 log10 gc/升），诺如病毒GII型为-1.7 log10 gc/升（95% CI，-3.1，-0.3 log10 gc/升），MSC为-3.6 log10 PFU/升（95% CI，-4.8，-2.4 PFU/升）。在污水处理厂内部，诺如病毒GI型和GII型进水口的平均浓度之间以及诺如病毒GII型的平均以10为底的减少量与MSC的平均以10为底的减少量之间存在相关性。
