Konan Nzi André, Bacchi Elfriede Marianne, Lincopan Nilton, Varela Soraya Duarte, Varanda Eliana Aparecida
Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66083, Av. Prof. Lineu, Prestes 580, B-15 São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Mar 1;110(1):30-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.08.033. Epub 2006 Sep 15.
Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as cajueiro is a native plant to Brazil, and largely used in popular medicine to treat ulcers, hypertension and diarrhea. In the present study, acute, 30-day subacute toxicity and genotoxicity assays were carried out. The crude extract did not produce toxic symptoms in rats in doses up to 2000 mg/kg. Based on biochemical analyses of renal and hepato-biliary functions, such as the level of urea, creatinine, transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, we determined that the extract is generally tolerated by rats. This was also confirmed by hematological and histopathological exams. Genotoxicity was accessed by the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102 and by the bone marrow micronucleus test in mice. The extract was shown to induce frameshift, base pair substitution and damage to the chromosomes. However, this effect was less deleterious than the clastogenic effect of ciclophosphamide.
腰果（漆树科），俗称腰果树，是巴西本土植物，在民间医学中广泛用于治疗溃疡、高血压和腹泻。在本研究中，进行了急性、30天亚急性毒性和遗传毒性试验。粗提取物在剂量高达2000mg/kg时对大鼠未产生毒性症状。基于对肾和肝胆功能的生化分析，如尿素、肌酐、转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶水平，我们确定该提取物一般能被大鼠耐受。血液学和组织病理学检查也证实了这一点。通过鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102的艾姆斯试验和小鼠骨髓微核试验评估遗传毒性。结果表明，该提取物可诱导移码突变、碱基对置换和染色体损伤。然而，这种效应比环磷酰胺的致断裂效应危害小。
