铅暴露以及使家庭对幼儿来说铅安全所需的时间长度。
Exposure to lead and length of time needed to make homes lead-safe for young children.
作者信息
Zierold Kristina M, Havlena Jeff, Anderson Henry
机构信息
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2007 Feb;97(2):267-70. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.067603. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
OBJECTIVES
We determined the length of time needed to make homes lead-safe in a population of children aged 0 to 6 years with blood lead levels (BLLs) of 20 micrograms per deciliter (mug/dL) or greater. Reducing this time would reduce children's exposure to lead.
METHODS
Data came from the Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program's comprehensive blood lead surveillance system. Analysis was restricted to children whose first BLL test value during 1996-1999 was between 20 and 40 mug/dL and for whom housing intervention data were available (n=382).
RESULTS
The median length of time required to make a home lead-safe was 465 days. Only 18% of children lived in homes that were made lead-safe within 6 months; 45% lived in homes requiring more than 18 months to be lead-safe.
CONCLUSIONS
Efforts are needed to reduce the time it takes to make a home lead-safe. Although abatement orders always include time limits, improved compliance with the orders must be enforced. Greater emphasis should be placed on securing lead-safe or lead-free housing for families, thus reducing lead exposure.
目标
我们确定了使0至6岁血铅水平（BLLs）达到每分升20微克（μg/dL）或更高的儿童家庭实现铅安全所需的时间长度。缩短这段时间将减少儿童接触铅的机会。
方法
数据来自威斯康星州儿童铅中毒预防计划的全面血铅监测系统。分析仅限于1996年至1999年期间首次BLL测试值在20至40μg/dL之间且有住房干预数据的儿童（n = 382）。
结果
使家庭达到铅安全所需的时间中位数为465天。只有18%的儿童居住在6个月内实现铅安全的家庭中；45%的儿童居住在需要超过18个月才能实现铅安全的家庭中。
结论
需要努力减少使家庭达到铅安全所需的时间。尽管减排令总是包含时间限制，但必须加强对这些命令的遵守情况。应更加重视为家庭确保铅安全或无铅的住房，从而减少铅暴露。
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